Editing Tin (section)

====Li-ion batteries====
{{main|Lithium-ion battery}}
Tin forms several inter-metallic phases with lithium metal, making it a potentially attractive material for battery applications. Large volumetric expansion of tin upon alloying with lithium and instability of the tin-organic electrolyte interface at low electrochemical potentials are the greatest challenges to employment in commercial cells.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mou |first1=Haoyi |last2=Xiao |first2=Wei |last3=Miao |first3=Chang |last4=Li |first4=Rui |last5=Yu |first5=Liming |date=2020 |title=Tin and Tin Compound Materials as Anodes in Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries: A Review |journal=Frontiers in Chemistry |volume=8 |pages=141 |doi=10.3389/fchem.2020.00141 |pmc=7096543 |pmid=32266205|bibcode=2020FrCh....8..141M |doi-access=free }}</ref> Tin inter-metallic compound with cobalt and carbon was implemented by [[Sony]] in its Nexelion cells released in the late 2000s. The composition of the active material is approximately Sn<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.4</sub>C<sub>0.3</sub>. Research showed that only some crystalline facets of tetragonal (beta) Sn are responsible for undesirable electrochemical activity.<ref>{{cite journal|first1 = Ivan|title = Interfacial processes at single-crystal β-Sn electrodes in organic carbonate electrolytes|journal = Electrochemistry Communications|last1 = Lucas|last2=Syzdek|first2=Jaroslaw|date = 2011|doi = 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.08.026|volume = 13|issue = 11|page = 1271}}</ref>