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== Insignia {{anchor|coat of arms}} == The Knights wore white surcoats with a black cross, granted by [[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]] in 1205. A [[cross pattée]] was sometimes used.{{year needed|date=February 2015}} The coat of arms representing the grandmaster (''Hochmeisterwappen'')<ref>The offices of ''Hochmeister'' (grandmaster, head of the order) and ''Deutschmeister'' (''Magister Germaniae'') were united in 1525. The title of ''Magister Germaniae'' had been introduced in 1219 as the head of the bailiwicks in the Holy Roman Empire, from 1381 also those in Italy, raised to the rank of a prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1494, but merged with the office of grandmaster under Walter von Cronberg in 1525, from which time the head of the order had the title of ''Hoch- und Deutschmeister''. [http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Heraldik/Galerien2/galerie1533.htm Bernhard Peter (2011)]</ref> is shown with a golden [[cross fleury]] or [[cross potent]] superimposed on the black cross, with the [[Reichsadler|imperial eagle]] as a central inescutcheon. The golden cross fleury overlaid on the black cross became widely used in the 15th century. A legendary account attributes its introduction to [[Louis IX of France]], who is said to have granted the master of the order this cross as a variation of the [[Jerusalem cross]], with the [[fleur-de-lis]] symbol attached to each arm, [[Seventh Crusade|in 1250]]. While this legendary account cannot be traced back further than the early modern period (Christoph Hartknoch, 1684), there is some evidence that the design does indeed date to the mid 13th century.<ref>Helmut Nickel, "Über das Hochmeisterwappen des Deutschen Ordens im Heiligen Lande", ''Der Herold'' 4/1990, 97–108 ([http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/b/b038670.pdf mgh-bibliothek.de]). Marie-Luise Heckmann, "Überlegungen zu einem heraldischen Repertorium an Hand der Hochmeisterwappen des Deutschen Ordens" in: Matthias Thumser, Janusz Tandecki, Dieter Heckmann (eds.) ''Edition deutschsprachiger Quellen aus dem Ostseeraum (14.–16. Jahrhundert)'', Publikationen des Deutsch-Polnischen Gesprächskreises für Quellenedition. Publikacje Niemiecko-Polskiej Grupy Dyskusyjnej do Spraw Edycij Zrodel 1, 2001, 315–346 ([http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/germanica/Chronologie/14Jh/GoldeneBulle/Wappen.htm online edition]). "Die zeitgenössische Überlieferung verdeutlicht für dieses Wappen hingegen einen anderen Werdegang. Der Modelstein eines Schildmachers, der unter Hermann von Salza zwischen 1229 und 1266 auf der Starkenburg ([[Montfort Castle|Montfort]]) im Heiligen Land tätig war, und ein rekonstruiertes Deckengemälde in der Burgkapelle derselben Festung erlaubten der Forschung den Schluss, dass sich die Hochmeister schon im 13. Jahrhundert eines eigenen Wappens bedient hätten. Es zeigte ein auf das schwarze Ordenskreuz aufgelegtes goldenes Lilienkreuz mit dem bekannten Adlerschildchen. Die Wappensiegel des Elbinger Komturs von 1310 bzw. 1319, ein heute in Innsbruck aufbewahrter Vortrageschild des Hochmeisters Karl von Trier von etwa 1320 und das schlecht erhaltene Sekretsiegel desselben Hochmeisters von 1323 sind ebenfalls jeweils mit aufgelegtem goldenem Lilienkreuz ausgestattet."</ref> The black cross pattée was later used for military decoration and insignia by the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] and Germany as the [[Iron Cross]]. The motto of the Order is "Helfen, Wehren, Heilen" ("to help, to defend, to heal").{{year needed|date=February 2015}}<ref name="Demel"/> <gallery> File:Stamp of the Teutonic Knights, 14th century.jpg|14th-century brass stamp with the shield insignia. File:Wappen 1594 BSB cod icon 326 030 crop.jpg| In the 16th century, officers of the order would quarter their family arms with the order's arms.<ref>In this example (dated 1594), Hugo Dietrich von Hohenlandenberg, [[Komtur|commander]] of the bailiwick of Swabia-Alsace-Burgundy, shows his [[Landenberg]] family arms quartered with the order's black cross.</ref> File:Deutschmeisterwappen mergentheim.jpg| Example of the ''Deutschmeisterwappen'' on the gate of the [[Bad Mergentheim]] residence File:CoA - Bruntal Castle.jpg| Coat of arms of [[Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine]], Grand Master from 1761 to 1780. File:Hermann Brommer Orden.jpg|Modern (20th century) medal File:Grabesritter bei der Liboriprozession.jpg|[[Procession]] in honour of Saint [[Liborius of Le Mans]] with [[Knights of the Holy Sepulchre]] together with Teutonic Knights in [[Paderborn]], [[Germany]]. </gallery>
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