Editing Temple Mount (section)

=== Middle Roman period ===
The city of [[Aelia Capitolina]] was built in 130 CE by the Roman emperor [[Hadrian]] and occupied by a [[Roman colony]] on the site of Jerusalem, which was still in ruins from the [[First Jewish Revolt]] in 70 CE. ''Aelia'' came from Hadrian's ''[[Roman naming convention|nomen gentile]]'', ''[[Aelia (gens)|Aelius]]'', while ''Capitolina'' meant that the new city was dedicated to [[Jupiter Capitolinus]], to whom [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre#History|a temple was built]] overlapping the site of the former second Jewish temple, the Temple Mount.<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Aelia Capitolina|volume=1|page=256}}</ref>

Hadrian had intended the construction of the new city as a gift to the Jews, but since he had constructed a giant statue of himself in front of the Temple of Jupiter and the Temple of Jupiter had a huge statue of Jupiter inside it, there were on the Temple Mount now two enormous [[Idolatry|graven images]], which Jews considered idolatrous. It was also customary in [[Ancient Roman religion|Roman rites]] to sacrifice a [[pig]] in land purification ceremonies.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Incigneri |first=Brian J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDQCYZs0oOQC&pg=PA192 |title=The Gospel to the Romans [electronic resource]: the setting and rhetoric of Mark's Gospel |date=2003 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-13108-8 |page=192 |language=en}}</ref> After the [[Third Jewish Revolt]], all Jews were forbidden on pain of death from entering the city or the surrounding territory around the city.<ref name="Lester2010">{{cite book |author=Grabbe |first=Lester L. |author-link=Lester L. Grabbe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i89-9fdNUcAC&pg=PA20 |title=An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus |publisher=A&C Black |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-567-55248-8 |pages=19–20, 26–29 |language=en}}</ref>