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=== Cinematic influence === In his book ''[[The Great Movies]]'', Roger Ebert called ''Star Wars'' "a technical watershed" that influenced many subsequent films. It began a new generation of special effects and high-energy motion pictures. The film was one of the first films to link genres together to invent a new, [[high-concept]] genre for filmmakers to build upon.<ref name="Legacy" /> Along with Steven Spielberg's ''Jaws'', it shifted the film industry's focus away from the more personal filmmaking of the 1970s towards fast-paced, big-budget blockbusters for younger audiences.<ref name="Dreams" /><ref name="GreatEbert">{{cite web|work=Chicago Sun-Times|publisher=Sun-Times Media Group|last=Ebert|first=Roger |author-link=Roger Ebert|date=June 28, 1999|title=Great Movies: Star Wars|url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-star-wars-episode-iv-a-new-hope-1977 |access-date=October 1, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413113345/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-star-wars-episode-iv-a-new-hope-1977 |archive-date=April 13, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Shone">[[Tom Shone|Shone, Tom]] (2004). ''[[Blockbuster (2004 book)|Blockbuster: How Hollywood Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Summer]]''. London: Simon & Schuster. p. 64. {{ISBN|0-7432-6838-5}}.</ref> Filmmakers who have been influenced by ''Star Wars'' include [[J. J. Abrams]], [[James Cameron]], [[Dean Devlin]], Gareth Edwards,<ref>{{cite web |author=Hopkins, Jessica |date=February 27, 2011 |title=The film that changed my life: Gareth Edwards |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/feb/27/gareth-edwards-monsters-star-wars |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505015532/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/feb/27/gareth-edwards-monsters-star-wars |archive-date=May 5, 2014 |access-date=May 10, 2014 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> [[Roland Emmerich]], [[David Fincher]], [[Peter Jackson]], [[John Lasseter]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Pond|first=Steve|title=Why Disney Fired John Lasseter β And How He Came Back to Heal the Studio|url=https://thewrap.com/john-lasseter-disney-fired-frozen-healed-studio-oscarwrap-down-wire|work=[[TheWrap]]|publisher=The Wrap News Inc. |access-date=May 10, 2014|date=February 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508200853/http://www.thewrap.com/john-lasseter-disney-fired-frozen-healed-studio-oscarwrap-down-wire|archive-date=May 8, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Damon Lindelof]], [[Christopher Nolan]], [[Ridley Scott]], [[John Singleton]], [[Kevin Smith]],<ref name="Legacy" /> and [[Joss Whedon]]. Lucas's "used future" concept was employed in Scott's ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]'' (1979) and ''Blade Runner'' (1982); Cameron's ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]]'' (1986) and ''[[The Terminator]]'' (1984); and Jackson's [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' trilogy]].<ref name="Legacy" /> Nolan cited ''Star Wars'' as an influence when making ''[[Inception]]'' (2010).<ref>{{cite web|title=Christopher Nolan's Star Wars Inspiration|url=http://hub.contactmusic.com/news/christopher-nolans-star-wars-inspiration_1153625|website=ContactMusic.com|date=July 16, 2010 |access-date=September 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219064444/http://hub.contactmusic.com/news/christopher-nolans-star-wars-inspiration_1153625 |archive-date=December 19, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Some critics have complained that ''Star Wars'', as well as ''Jaws'', "ruined" Hollywood by shifting its focus from "sophisticated" films such as ''[[The Godfather]]'', ''Taxi Driver'', and ''[[Annie Hall]]'' to films about spectacle and juvenile fantasy.<ref name="American">{{cite web|work=Decent Films Guide|author=Greydanus, Steven D.|title=An American Mythology: Why Star Wars Still Matters|url=http://www.decentfilms.com/articles/starwars |access-date=October 1, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206024753/http://www.decentfilms.com/articles/starwars |archive-date=February 6, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> On a 1977 episode of ''[[Sneak Previews]]'', Gene Siskel said he hoped Hollywood would continue to cater to audiences who enjoy "serious pictures".<ref name="SiskelEbert1977">{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gtQck24Nf8&t=259s| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/6gtQck24Nf8| archive-date=December 11, 2021 | url-status=live|title=Siskel and Ebert review Star Wars 1977|date=March 28, 2021|access-date=April 8, 2021|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Peter Biskind]] claimed that Lucas and Spielberg "returned the 1970s audience, grown sophisticated on a diet of European and [[New Hollywood]] films, to the simplicities of the pre-1960s [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of movies]]{{nbsp}}... They marched backward through the looking-glass."<ref name="American" /><ref name="Biskind">[[Peter Biskind|Biskind, Peter]] (1998). "Star Bucks". ''Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex-Drugs-and-Rock 'N' Roll Generation Saved Hollywood''. New York: [[Simon & Schuster]]. pp. 336β337, 343. {{ISBN|0-684-80996-6}}.</ref> In contrast, [[Tom Shone]] wrote that through ''Star Wars'' and ''Jaws'', Lucas and Spielberg did not betray cinema, but instead "plugged it back into the grid, returning it{{nbsp}}... to its roots as a carnival sideshow, a magic act, one big special effect", which amounted to "a kind of rebirth."<ref name="Shone" />
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