Editing Staphylococcus aureus (section)

== Infection control ==
Environmental contamination is thought to play a relatively less important part compared to direct transmission.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Munir MT, Pailhories H, Eveillard M, Irle M, Aviat F, Federighi M, Belloncle C | title = Experimental Parameters Influence the Observed Antimicrobial Response of Oak Wood (''Quercus petraea'') | journal = Antibiotics | volume = 9 | issue = 9 | pages = 535 | date = August 2020 | pmid = 32847132 | pmc = 7558063 | doi = 10.3390/antibiotics9090535 | doi-access = free }}</ref>  Emphasis on basic [[hand washing]] techniques are, therefore, effective in preventing its transmission. The use of disposable aprons and gloves by staff reduces skin-to-skin contact, so further reduces the [[infection control|risk of transmission]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CDC Media Relations: Press Release |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/fs021025.htm |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.cdc.gov}}</ref>

Recently,{{when|date=August 2023}} myriad cases of ''S. aureus'' have been reported in hospitals across America. Transmission of the pathogen is facilitated in medical settings where healthcare worker hygiene is insufficient. ''S. aureus'' is an incredibly hardy bacterium, as was shown in a study where it survived on polyester for just under three months;<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Neely AN, Maley MP | title = Survival of enterococci and staphylococci on hospital fabrics and plastic | journal = Journal of Clinical Microbiology | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 724–6 | date = February 2000 | pmid = 10655374 | pmc = 86187 | doi = 10.1128/JCM.38.2.724-726.2000 }}</ref> polyester is the main material used in hospital privacy curtains.

An important and previously unrecognized means of community-associated MRSA colonization and transmission is during sexual contact.<ref name="CDI2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cook HA, Furuya EY, Larson E, Vasquez G, Lowy FD | title = Heterosexual transmission of community-associated methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 44 | issue = 3 | pages = 410–3 | date = February 2007 | pmid = 17205449 | doi = 10.1086/510681 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

''Staphylococcus aureus'' is killed in one minute at 78&nbsp;°C and in ten minutes at 64&nbsp;°C but is resistant to [[freezing]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Shafiei Y, Razavilar V, Javadi A |title=Thermal Death Time of ''Staphylococcus Aureus'' (PTCC=29213) and ''Staphylococcus Epidermidis'' (PTCC=1435) in Distilled Water |journal=Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=1551–4 |year=2011 |url=http://ajbasweb.com/old/ajbas/2011/November-2011/1551-1554.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702023512/http://ajbasweb.com/old/ajbas/2011/November-2011/1551-1554.pdf |archive-date=2015-07-02 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wu X, Su YC | title = Effects of frozen storage on survival of ''Staphylococcus aureus'' and enterotoxin production in precooked tuna meat | journal = Journal of Food Science | volume = 79 | issue = 8 | pages = M1554–M1559 | date = August 2014 | pmid = 25039601 | doi = 10.1111/1750-3841.12530 }}</ref>

Certain strains of ''S. aureus'' have been described as being resistant to chlorine disinfection.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Chlorine resistance of strains of ''Staphylococcus aureus'' isolated from poultry processing plants|journal=Letters in Applied Microbiology|volume=6|issue=2|pages=31–34|doi=10.1111/j.1472-765X.1988.tb01208.x|year=1988 | vauthors = Bolton KJ, Dodd CE, Mead GC, Waites WM |s2cid=84137649}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Chlorine resistance of ''Staphylococcus aureus'' isolated from turkeys and turkey products|journal=Letters in Applied Microbiology|volume=3|issue=6|pages=131–3|doi=10.1111/j.1472-765X.1986.tb01566.x|year=1986 | vauthors = Mead GC, Adams BW |s2cid=86676949}}</ref>

The use of mupirocin ointment can reduce the rate of infections due to nasal carriage of ''S. aureus.''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = van Rijen M, Bonten M, Wenzel R, Kluytmans J | title = Mupirocin ointment for preventing ''Staphylococcus aureus'' infections in nasal carriers | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 4 | pages = CD006216 | date = October 2008 | volume = 2011 | pmid = 18843708 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD006216.pub2 | pmc = 8988859 | collaboration = Cochrane Wounds Group }}</ref> There is limited evidence that nasal decontamination of ''S. aureus'' using antibiotics or antiseptics can reduce the rates of surgical site infections.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu Z, Norman G, Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Wong JK, Crosbie EJ, Wilson P | title = Nasal decontamination for the prevention of surgical site infection in ''Staphylococcus aureus'' carriers | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 5 | issue = 8 | pages = CD012462 | date = May 2017 | pmid = 28516472 | pmc = 6481881 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD012462.pub2 | collaboration = Cochrane Wounds Group }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="2"|'''Top common bacterium in each industry'''
|-
|[[Catering]] industry
|''[[Vibrio parahaemolyticus]]'', ''S. aureus'', ''[[Bacillus cereus]]''
|-
|[[Medical]] industry
|''[[Escherichia coli]]'', ''S. aureus'', ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.food.gov.uk/business-industry/sfbb|title = Food standard agency}}</ref>
|}