Editing Schizophrenia (section)

=== Historical treatment ===
{{Main|History of schizophrenia#Development of treatments in the 20th century}}
[[File:Chlorpromazine-3D-vdW.png|thumb|upright=0.6|A molecule of [[chlorpromazine]], the first antipsychotic developed in the 1950s]]
In the 1930s a number of shock procedures which induced seizures (convulsions) or comas were used to treat schizophrenia.<ref name=Jones2000>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jones K |date=March 2000 |title=Insulin coma therapy in schizophrenia |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=147–149 |doi=10.1177/014107680009300313 |pmc=1297956 |pmid=10741319}}</ref> [[Insulin shock therapy|Insulin shock]] involved injecting large doses of [[insulin]] to induce comas, which in turn produced [[hypoglycemia]] and convulsions.<ref name=Jones2000/><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jobes DA, Chalker SA |date=26 September 2019 |title=One Size Does Not Fit All: A Comprehensive Clinical Approach to Reducing Suicidal Ideation, Attempts, and Deaths. |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=16 |issue=19 |page=3606 |doi=10.3390/ijerph16193606 |pmc=6801408 |pmid=31561488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The use of electricity to induce seizures was in use as [[electroconvulsive therapy]] (ECT) by 1938.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ali SA, Mathur N, Malhotra AK, Braga RJ |date=April 2019 |title=Electroconvulsive Therapy and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review |journal=Molecular Neuropsychiatry |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=75–83 |doi=10.1159/000497376 |pmc=6528094 |pmid=31192220}}</ref>

Carried out from the 1930s until the 1970s in the United States and until the 1980s in France, [[psychosurgery]], including such modalities as the [[lobotomy]], is recognized as a [[human rights abuse]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mashour GA, Walker EE, Martuza RL |date=June 2005 |title=Psychosurgery: past, present, and future |journal=Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=409–419 |doi=10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.09.002 |pmid=15914249 |s2cid=10303872}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |vauthors=Mendez J |date=1 February 2013|title=Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment |url= https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session22/A.HRC.22.53_English.pdf |access-date= 22 August 2022 |publisher=Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> In the mid-1950s, [[chlorpromazine]], the first [[typical antipsychotic]], was introduced,<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Turner T |date=January 2007 |title=Chlorpromazine: unlocking psychosis |journal=BMJ |volume=334 Suppl 1 |issue=suppl |page=s7 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39034.609074.94 |pmid=17204765 |s2cid=33739419}}</ref> followed in the 1970s by clozapine, the first [[atypical antipsychotic]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Aringhieri S |date=December 2018 |title=Molecular targets of atypical antipsychotics: From mechanism of action to clinical differences. |journal=Pharmacology & Therapeutics |volume=192 |pages=20–41 |doi=10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.012 |pmid=29953902 |s2cid=49602956}}</ref>