Editing Republic of Ireland (section)

===Architecture===
{{Main|Architecture of Ireland}}
{{Multiple image
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| image2            = Powerscourt, County Wicklow, Ireland - geograph.org.uk - 2534787.jpg
| image1            = Dublin Custom House South Side 6.jpg
| caption2          = [[Powerscourt Estate]], near [[Enniskerry]] in [[County Wicklow]], was built in the 18th century
| caption1          = The [[The Custom House|Dublin Custom House]] is a [[neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] building from the late 18th century.
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Ireland has a wealth of structures,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.megalithomania.com/|publisher=Megalithomania|title=The Megalithic Monuments of Ireland|access-date=19 November 2011|archive-date=6 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206210335/http://www.megalithomania.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> surviving in various states of preservation, from the [[Neolithic]] period, such as ''[[Brú na Bóinne]]'', [[Poulnabrone dolmen]], [[Castlestrange stone]], [[Turoe stone]], and [[Drombeg stone circle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goireland.about.com/od/historyculture/qt/prehistoric.htm|publisher=About.com|title=The Prehistoric Monuments of Ireland|access-date=19 October 2009|archive-date=25 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625143144/http://goireland.about.com/od/historyculture/qt/prehistoric.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> As Ireland was never a part of the [[Roman Empire]], ancient architecture in [[Greco-Roman]] style is extremely rare, in contrast to most of Western Europe. The country instead had an extended period of [[Iron Age]] architecture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/british_isles/ireland/AD43-410 |publisher=WorldTimelines.org.uk |title=AD 43–410 Roman Iron Age |access-date=19 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013012557/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/british_isles/ireland/AD43-410 |archive-date=13 October 2010 }}</ref> The [[Irish round tower]] originated during the [[Early Medieval]] period.

Christianity introduced simple [[List of monastic houses in Ireland|monastic houses]], such as [[Clonmacnoise]], [[Skellig Michael]] and [[Scattery Island Cathedral and Monastery|Scattery Island]]. A stylistic similarity has been remarked between these [[double monastery|double monasteries]] and those of the [[Copts]] of Egypt.<ref>{{harvnb|Meinardus|2002|p=130}}.</ref> Gaelic kings and aristocrats occupied [[ringfort]]s or ''[[crannóg]]s''.<ref name="vikperiod">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/british_isles/ireland/AD410-1066 |publisher=WorldTimelines.org.uk |title=AD 410–1066 Early medieval |access-date=19 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012042003/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/british_isles/ireland/AD410-1066 |archive-date=12 October 2010 }}</ref> Church reforms during the 12th century via the [[Cistercians]] stimulated continental influence, with the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] styled [[Mellifont Abbey|Mellifont]], [[Boyle Abbey|Boyle]] and [[Tintern Abbey (County Wexford)|Tintern]] abbeys.<ref>{{harvnb|Moody|2005|p=735}}.</ref> Gaelic settlement had been limited to the Monastic proto-towns, such as [[Kells, County Meath|Kells]], where the current street pattern preserves the original circular settlement outline to some extent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://udprism01.ucd.ie/TalisPrism/browseResults.do?&expandedWorkID=0.12&browse_action=9057&rootRSetId=12c1e70947c00000&browse_RootRSetId=12c1e70947c00000&displayRowPath=0&pageSize=10&displaySearchAsText=false&openRowPathSet=0:1 |title=Altman 2007 Unpublished thesis |access-date=5 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510022752/http://udprism01.ucd.ie/TalisPrism/browseResults.do?&expandedWorkID=0.12&browse_action=9057&rootRSetId=12c1e70947c00000&browse_RootRSetId=12c1e70947c00000&displayRowPath=0&pageSize=10&displaySearchAsText=false&openRowPathSet=0%3A1 |archive-date=10 May 2011 }}</ref> Significant urban settlements only developed following the period of Viking invasions.<ref name="vikperiod" /> The major Hiberno-Norse [[Longphort]]s were located on the coast, but with minor inland fluvial settlements, such as the eponymous [[Longford]].
[[File:Monasterboice (52364039739).jpg|thumb|left|The ruins of [[Monasterboice]] in [[County Louth]] are of early Christian settlements.]]
Castles were built by the [[Anglo-Normans]] during the late 12th century, such as [[Dublin Castle]] and [[Kilkenny Castle]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ancientfortresses.org/irish-castles.htm|publisher=Castles.me.uk|title=Irish Castles|access-date=19 October 2009|archive-date=1 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701173522/http://www.ancientfortresses.org/irish-castles.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and the concept of the planned walled trading town was introduced, which gained legal status and several rights by grant of a [[Charter]] under [[Feudalism]]. These charters specifically governed the design of these towns.<ref>Butlin RA (1977): ''The Development of the Irish Town'', Croom Helm</ref> Two significant waves of planned town formation followed, the first being the 16th- and 17th-century plantation towns, which were used as a mechanism for the [[Tudor dynasty|Tudor]] English kings to suppress local insurgency, followed by 18th-century landlord towns.<ref>Butlin RA: ''op cit''</ref> Surviving Norman founded planned towns include [[Drogheda]] and [[Youghal]]; plantation towns include [[Portlaoise]] and [[Portarlington, County Laois|Portarlington]]; well-preserved 18th-century planned towns include [[Westport, County Mayo|Westport]] and [[Ballinasloe]]. These episodes of planned settlement account for the majority of present-day towns throughout the country.
[[File:Georgian Dublin. Merrion Square - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|Brick architecture of multi-storey buildings in [[Merrion Square]], Dublin]]

[[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] cathedrals, such as [[St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin|St Patrick's]], were also introduced by the Normans.<ref>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2003|p=813}}.</ref> [[Franciscan]]s were dominant in directing the abbeys by the Late Middle Ages, while elegant tower houses, such as [[Bunratty Castle]], were built by the Gaelic and Norman aristocracy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/history-heritage/architecture/Architecture/historical-periods-1/the-later-middle-ages/|publisher=AskAboutIreland.ie|title=The Later Middle Ages: 1350 to 1540|access-date=19 October 2009|archive-date=14 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114180510/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/history-heritage/architecture/Architecture/historical-periods-1/the-later-middle-ages/|url-status=live}}</ref> Many religious buildings were ruined with the [[dissolution of the monasteries]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/history-heritage/architecture/Architecture/historical-periods-1/the-later-middle-ages/|publisher=AskAboutIreland.ie|title=Early Tudor Ireland: 1485 to 1547|access-date=19 October 2009|archive-date=14 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114180510/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/history-heritage/architecture/Architecture/historical-periods-1/the-later-middle-ages/|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the Restoration, [[palladianism]] and [[rococo]], particularly [[country houses]], swept through Ireland under the initiative of [[Edward Lovett Pearce]], with the [[Irish Houses of Parliament|Houses of Parliament]] being the most significant.<ref name="greenwood">{{harvnb|Greenwood|2003|p=815}}.</ref>

With the erection of buildings such as [[The Custom House]], [[Four Courts]], [[General Post Office (Dublin)|General Post Office]] and [[King's Inns]], the [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] and [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] styles flourished, especially in [[Georgian Dublin|Dublin]].<ref name="greenwood" /> Georgian townhouses produced streets of singular distinction, particularly in [[Dublin]], [[Limerick]] and [[Cork (city)|Cork]]. Following [[Catholic Emancipation]], cathedrals and churches influenced by the French [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] emerged, such as [[Cobh Cathedral|St Colman's]] and [[Saint Finbarre's Cathedral|St Finbarre's]].<ref name="greenwood" /> Ireland has long been associated with [[thatched roof]] cottages, though these are nowadays considered quaint.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ballybegvillage.com/thatching.html|publisher=BallyBegVillage.com|title=Thatching in Ireland|access-date=19 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011005154/http://www.ballybegvillage.com/thatching.html|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Capital dock.jpg|thumb|right|[[Capital Dock]] in [[Dublin]] is the tallest building in the Republic of Ireland.]]
Beginning with the American designed [[art deco]] church at [[Turners Cross, Cork|Turner's Cross]], [[Cork (city)|Cork]] in 1927, Irish architecture followed the international trend towards modern and sleek building styles since the 20th century.<ref>{{cite web|title = Exterior of Church of Christ the King, Turner's Cross|publisher = Parish of Turner's Cross|url = http://turnerscross.com/architecture/building-description/|access-date = 9 November 2008|archive-date = 13 December 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131213055932/http://turnerscross.com/architecture/building-description/|url-status = live}}</ref> Other developments include the regeneration of [[Ballymun]] and an urban extension of Dublin at [[Adamstown, Dublin|Adamstown]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sdcc.ie/services/planning/strategic-development-zones/adamstown?option=com_content&task=view&id=353&Itemid=203 |title=About Adamstown |publisher=South Dublin County Council |access-date=13 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903232010/http://www.sdcc.ie/services/planning/strategic-development-zones/adamstown?option=com_content&task=view&id=353&Itemid=203 |archive-date=3 September 2015}}</ref> Since the establishment of the [[Dublin Docklands Development Authority]] in 1997, the [[Dublin Docklands]] area underwent large-scale redevelopment, which included the construction of the [[Convention Centre Dublin]] and [[Grand Canal Theatre]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ddda.ie/index.jsp?p=99&n=138 |title=Docklands Authority – About Us |access-date=31 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927154054/http://www.ddda.ie/index.jsp?p=99&n=138 |archive-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Completed in 2018, [[Capital Dock]] in Dublin is the tallest building in the Republic of Ireland achieving {{convert|79|m|ft|abbr=off}} in height (the [[Obel Tower]] in [[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]] being the tallest in Ireland). The [[Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland]] regulates the practice of architecture in the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riai.ie/about_the_riai |title=About the RIAI |access-date=17 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928211424/http://www.riai.ie/about_the_riai |archive-date=28 September 2010}}</ref>