Editing Redlining (section)

== Strategies to reverse effects of redlining ==
Redlining has contributed to the long-term decline of low-income, [[inner city]] neighborhoods and the continuation of ethnic minority [[ethnic enclaves|enclaves]]. Compared to prospering ethnic minority areas, historically redlined or other struggling black communities need targeted investments in infrastructure and services in order to prosper.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Height |first=Tatiana |date=2017 |title=Analyzing Communities in Black America: How Urban and Regional Planners Can Plan for Prosperous Black Communities |type=Thesis |publisher=University of Nebraska-Lincoln |pages=57–63 |url=http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/arch_crp_theses/47 |access-date=2019-05-11}}</ref>

Some of these strategies include:
* Targeting planning resources to improve employment, incomes, wealth, the built environment, and social services in struggling communities. 
* Recognize the importance of [[public transportation]] as a means for low-income communities to access jobs and services. 
* Provide jobs near the labor supply through targeted [[economic development]]. 
* Invest in the housing stock through neighborhood revitalization programs.
* Utilize [[inclusionary zoning]] (IZ) ordinances to improve amounts of high quality housing. 
* Equitably distribute [[hazardous waste]] sites so they are not concentrated in low-income and minority areas.

Moreover, residents of historically redlined neighborhoods face risks for worse health outcomes and lower life expectancies. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in efforts to reverse the impact of redlining on adverse health outcomes.<ref name="Egede, L. E. 2023">Egede, L. E., Walker, R. J., Campbell, J. A., Linde, S., Hawks, L. C., & Burgess, K. M. (2023). Modern day consequences of historic redlining: finding a path forward. ''Journal of General Internal Medicine, 38''(6), 1534-1537.</ref> Metzl and Hansen propose that the U.S. medical education system should train healthcare professionals to recognize the larger structural contexts and social and economic conditions that influence patient health outcomes, including the legacy of redlining.<ref>Metzl, J. M., & Hansen, H. (2014). Structural competency: theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality. Social ''Science & Medicine, 103'', 126-133.</ref> Infusing clinical training with structural awareness allows healthcare providers to consider the structural barriers that shape patients’ health and illness. The faculty at Wayne State University School of Medicine in Detroit, Michigan launched a course called “Healing Between the Lines” to teach medical students and residents about the effects of structural injustices on health, including historical redlining as a “critical driver” of the life expectancy gap of Detroit.<ref>Opara, I. N. (2023, August 1). ''The deadly legacy of redlining - and a mission to reverse it.'' AAMC. https://www.aamc.org/news/deadly-legacy-redlining-and-mission-reverse-it</ref> From a healthcare policy perspective, Egede and other scholars recommend Medicaid expansion, Medicaid coverage mandatorily including Community Health Worker services, value-based health system payments, and federal incentives for expanding hospitals and clinics. Healthcare providers and individuals in the healthcare system are crucial in addressing the long-lasting health consequences of historical redlining.<ref name="Egede, L. E. 2023"/>