Editing Radioactive waste (section)

==== Phosphate ceramics ====
Vitrification is not the only way to stabilize the waste into a form that will not react or degrade for extended periods. Immobilization via direct incorporation into a phosphate-based crystalline ceramic host is also used.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bohre |first=Ashish |date=2017 |title=Vitreous and Crystalline Phosphate High Level Waste Matrices: Present Status and Future Challenges |journal=Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry |volume=50 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1016/j.jiec.2017.01.032}}</ref> The diverse chemistry of phosphate ceramics under various conditions demonstrates a versatile material that can withstand chemical, thermal, and radioactive degradation over time. The properties of phosphates, particularly ceramic phosphates, of stability over a wide pH range, low porosity, and minimization of secondary waste introduces possibilities for new waste immobilization techniques.