Editing Quantum key distribution (section)

== History ==
Quantum cryptography was proposed first by [[Stephen Wiesner]], then at Columbia University in New York, who, in the early 1970s, introduced the concept of quantum conjugate coding. His seminal paper titled "Conjugate Coding" was rejected by IEEE Information Theory but was eventually published in 1983 in SIGACT News (15:1 pp.&nbsp;78–88, 1983). In this paper he showed how to store or transmit two messages by encoding them in two "conjugate observables", such as linear and circular polarization of light, so that either, but not both, of which may be received and decoded. He illustrated his idea with a design of unforgeable bank notes. A decade later, building upon this work, [[Charles H. Bennett (computer scientist)|Charles H. Bennett]], of the IBM [[Thomas J. Watson Research Center]], and [[Gilles Brassard]], of the [[University of Montreal]], proposed a method for secure communication based on Wiesner's "conjugate observables".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-29 |title=What Is Quantum Cryptography? {{!}} IBM |url=https://www.ibm.com/topics/quantum-cryptography |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=www.ibm.com |language=en}}</ref> In 1990, Artur Ekert, then a PhD student at [[Wolfson College, Oxford|Wolfson College, University of Oxford]], developed a different approach to quantum key distribution based on quantum entanglement.