Editing Privacy (section)

=== States of privacy ===
Alan Westin defined four states—or experiences—of privacy: solitude, intimacy, anonymity, and reserve. [[Solitude]] is a physical separation from others;<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = Privacy and Freedom|last = Westin|first = Alan|publisher = Atheneum|year = 1967|location = New York}}</ref> Intimacy is a "close, relaxed; and frank relationship between two or more individuals" that results from the seclusion of a pair or small group of individuals.<ref name=":0" /> Anonymity is the "desire of individuals for times of 'public privacy.'"<ref name=":0" /> Lastly, reserve is the "creation of a psychological barrier against unwanted intrusion"; this creation of a psychological barrier requires others to respect an individual's need or desire to restrict communication of information concerning themself.<ref name=":0" />

In addition to the psychological barrier of reserve, Kirsty Hughes identified three more kinds of privacy barriers: physical, behavioral, and normative. Physical barriers, such as walls and doors, prevent others from accessing and experiencing the individual.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title = A Behavioural Understanding of Privacy and Its Implications for Privacy Law|last = Hughes|first = Kirsty|date = 2012|journal = The Modern Law Review|volume = 75|issue = 5|pages = 806–836|doi = 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2012.00925.x|s2cid = 142188960}}</ref> (In this sense, "accessing" an individual includes accessing personal information about them.)<ref name=":1" /> Behavioral barriers communicate to others—verbally, through language, or non-verbally, through personal space, body language, or clothing—that an individual does not want the other person to access or experience them.<ref name=":1" /> Lastly, normative barriers, such as laws and social norms, restrain others from attempting to access or experience an individual.<ref name=":1" />