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====Background==== The [[United States Constitution]] never formally addressed the issue of [[Political party|political parties]], primarily because the [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Fathers]]โ[[Alexander Hamilton]], [[James Madison]],<ref>In [[Federalist No. 9|Federalist Papers No. 9]] and [[Federalist No. 10|No. 10]], respectively</ref> [[George Washington]]โopposed them as domestic [[political faction]]s leading to domestic conflict<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shmoop.com/political-parties/founding-fathers-political-parties.html |title=Political Parties - The Founding Fathers & Political Parties |website=Shmoop |date= |access-date=2022-02-25 |archive-date=January 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112023032/https://www.shmoop.com/political-parties/founding-fathers-political-parties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and stagnation.<ref>{{cite WS|title=Washington's Farewell Address|link=Washington's Farewell Address#20}}</ref> Nevertheless, the beginnings of the American [[two-party system]] emerged from Washington's immediate circle of advisers, including Hamilton and Madison. By the 1790s, different views of the new country's proper course had already developed, with those holding the same views banding together. The followers of [[Alexander Hamilton]] (the "[[Federalist Party|Federalist]]") favored a strong central government that would support the interests of commerce and industry. The followers of [[Thomas Jefferson]], ("[[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republicans]]") preferred a decentralized [[Agrarianism|agrarian]] republic. By 1828, the Federalists had disappeared as an organization, replaced first by the [[National Republican Party]] and then by the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whigs]], while the Democratic Republicans evolved into the Democrats led by [[Andrew Jackson]], and known for celebrating "the common (white) man" and the expansion of suffrage to most of them. In the 1850s, it was the Whigs' turn to disappear, undone by the issue of whether slavery should be allowed to expand into the country's new territories in the West. The Whigs were eventually replaced by the Republican Party which opposed slavery expansion and whose first successful candidate for the presidency was [[Abraham Lincoln]].
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