Editing Perception (section)

=== Perception as direct perception (Gibson) ===
[[Cognitivism (psychology)|Cognitive theories]] of perception assume there is a [[poverty of the stimulus]]. This is the claim that [[wikt:sensation|sensations]], by themselves, are unable to provide a unique description of the world.<ref>Stone, James V. (2012): "[https://books.google.com/books?id=HZf6AQAAQBAJ Vision and Brain: How we perceive the world]", Cambridge, MIT Press, pp. 155–178.</ref> Sensations require 'enriching', which is the role of the [[mental model]].

The [[Ecological psychology|perceptual ecology]] approach was introduced by professor [[James J. Gibson]], who rejected the assumption of a [[poverty of stimulus]] and the idea that perception is based upon sensations. Instead, Gibson investigated what information is actually presented to the perceptual systems. His theory "assumes the existence of stable, unbounded, and permanent stimulus-information in the [[ambient optic array]]. And it supposes that the visual system can explore and detect this information. The theory is information-based, not sensation-based."<ref>Gibson, James J. (2002): "[https://web.archive.org/web/20181106171520/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f594/23f1a766380ff945fc401b976618a2b2a92a.pdf A Theory of Direct Visual Perception]". In: Alva Noë/Evan Thompson (Eds.), ''Vision and Mind. Selected Readings in the Philosophy of Perception'', Cambridge, MIT Press, pp. 77–89.</ref> He and the psychologists who work within this [[paradigm]] detailed how the world could be specified to a mobile, exploring organism via the lawful projection of information about the world into energy arrays.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIEJt5afhwgC|title=Phenomenology of the Human Person|last=Sokolowski|first=Robert|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-521-71766-3|location=New York|pages=199–200|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925011659/https://books.google.com/books?id=NIEJt5afhwgC&printsec=frontcover|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> "Specification" would be a 1:1 mapping of some aspect of the world into a perceptual array. Given such a mapping, no enrichment is required and perception is [[direct perception|direct]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Richards|first=Robert J.|date=December 1976|title=James Gibson's Passive Theory of Perception: A Rejection of the Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies|url=http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/faculty/files/richards/James%20Gibson's%20Passive%20Theory%20of%20Perception.pdf|url-status=live|journal=Philosophy and Phenomenological Research|volume=37|issue=2|pages=218–233|doi=10.2307/2107193|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613180128/http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/faculty/files/richards/James%20Gibson's%20Passive%20Theory%20of%20Perception.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2013|jstor=2107193}}</ref>