Editing Pension (section)

=== Gender pension gap ===
The gender pension gap, the difference between genders in average pensions, varies by country. In OECD countries the gender pension gap varied from 3% in Estonia to 47% in Japan according to data between 2013 and 2018.<ref>{{Cite book |last=OCDE |date=2021 |title=Towards Improved Retirement Savings Outcomes for Women |chapter=Chaper 1: Assessing the gender gap in retirement saving arrangements |chapter-url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/f7b48808-en/1/3/1/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/f7b48808-en&_csp_=4c6990cb7cb9191a176361e0f07511b4&itemIGO=oecd&itemContentType=book |publisher=OCDE Publishing}}</ref> Eastern European countries tend to have a smaller pension gender gap due to less pronounced gender differences in [[part-time job]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Samek Lodovici |first1=Manuela |title=The gender pension gap: differences between mothers and women without children |last2=Drufuca |first2=Serena |last3=Patrizio |first3=Monica |last4=Pesce |first4=Flavia |publisher=Policy Department of the European Parliament's Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality. |year=2016 |pages=28–32}}</ref> Possible contributions to the pension gender gap include [[gender pay gap]]s, differences in employment rates, [[parental leave]], [[unpaid care work]] and [[gender role]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Frericks |first1=Patricia |last2=Maier |first2=Robert L. |last3=De Graaf |first3=Willibrord |date=2007 |title=European Pension Reforms: Individualization, Privatization and Gender Pension Gaps |journal=Social Politics |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=212–237 |doi=10.1093/sp/jxm008 |ssrn=1447686|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Frericks |first1=P. |last2=Maier |first2=R. |last3=De Graaf |first3=W. |date=October 2006 |title=Shifting the Pension Mix: Consequences for Dutch and Danish Women |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9515.2006.00500.x |journal=Social Policy and Administration |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=475–492|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=OCDE |title=Towards Improved Retirement Savings Outcomes for Women |publisher=OCDE Publishing |year=2021 |chapter=Chapter 2: Understanding the gender pension gap beyond labour market drivers through a literature review}}</ref>