Editing Pakistan (section)

=== Power and energy ===
{{Main|Nuclear power in Pakistan|Energy in Pakistan|Electricity sector in Pakistan}}
[[File:Tarbela Dam during the 2010 floods.jpg|thumb|right|[[Tarbela Dam]], the largest earth filled dam in the world, was constructed in 1968.]]

As of May 2021, Pakistan operates six licensed commercial [[nuclear power plants]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan's largest Chinese-built nuclear plant to start operating|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/pakistans-largest-chinese-built-nuclear-plant-start-operating-2021-05-21/|access-date=18 June 2021 |newspaper=[[Reuters]]|date=21 May 2021}}</ref> The [[Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission]] (PAEC) oversees these plants, while the [[Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority]] ensures their safe operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paec.gov.pk/paec-np.htm |title=Nuclear Power Generation Programme |last=(PAEC) |first=Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission |author-link=Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission |publisher=PAEC |website=Government of Pakistan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050209020648/http://www.paec.gov.pk/paec-np.htm |archive-date=9 February 2005|access-date=15 January 2017}}</ref> These plants contribute approximately 5.8% to Pakistan's electricity supply, while fossil fuels (crude oil and natural gas) provide 64.2%, [[hydroelectric power]] provides 29.9%, and [[Coal power plant|coal]] contributes 0.1%.<ref name="Express Tribune, 2014">{{cite news |last1=Kazmi |first1=Zahir |title=Pakistan's energy security |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/655573/pakistans-energy-security/|access-date=23 February 2015 |quote=Special report on Energy security efforts in Pakistan |work=Express Tribune |date=7 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Syed Yousaf |first=Raza |title=Current Picture of Electrical Energy In Pakistan |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:T4QW3douApsJ:www.iaea.org/INPRO/4th_Dialogue_Forum/DAY_3_01_August-ready/2._-_DG-C3-4-31-07-2012.pdf+pakistan+nuclear+power+program+2050&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjUcYBzrkzBdSSwbflDwBpLkLAkFaFROisP_jK3E3S97aqHY9tMS-It6gaYDd-q4lZP8BEuD6e4C5E91EnlkiSKIw-JbWuYsNwjNNC1f1Nxyw9D0Ib_V424k5ghsCazU80qDKfF&sig=AHIEtbRAsJSVdJ36dVxzvdggw_Xz16RLGg |website=Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission |publisher=Directorate-General for Nuclear Power Generation|access-date=28 November 2012 |date=31 July 2012}}<br />- {{cite news |last=Zulfikar |first=Saman |title=Pak-China energy cooperation |url=http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=109910 |access-date=23 April 2012 |newspaper=Pakistan Observer |date=23 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927072914/http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=109910 |archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref> The [[Karachi Nuclear Power Plant|KANUPP-I]], Pakistan's first commercial nuclear power plant, was supplied by Canada in 1971. Sino-Pakistani nuclear cooperation began in the 1980s, leading to the establishment of CHASNUPP-I. In 2005, both countries proposed a joint energy security plan, aiming for a generation capacity exceeding 160,000 [[Megawatt|MWe]] by 2030. Pakistan's Nuclear Energy Vision 2050 targets a capacity of 40,000 MWe,<ref>{{cite news |title=PAEC plans 40,000MW by 2050 using environment-friendly nuclear power |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/14698-paec-plans-40000mw-by-2050-using-environment-friendly-nuclear-power|access-date=30 April 2017 |work=[[The News International]] |date=17 September 2015}}</ref> with 8,900 MWe expected by 2030.<ref>{{cite news |last=Syed |first=Baqir Sajjad |title=8,900MW nuclear power generation planned |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1077816|access-date=30 April 2017 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=2 January 2014}}<br />- {{cite journal |last=Ijaz |first=Muhammad, Director of Scientific Information and Public Relation (SIPR) |title=PAEC assigned 8,800 MWe nuclear power target by 2030:PAEC contributing to socio-economic uplift of the country |journal=PakAtom Newsletter |volume=49 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–8 |date=December 2010 |url=http://www.paec.gov.pk/newsletters/pkatm-n/p-nd10.pdf}} {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

In June 2008, the nuclear complex at [[Chashma Nuclear Power Plant|Chashma]] in Punjab Province expanded with the installation of [[Chashma Nuclear Power Plant|Chashma-III]] and [[Chashma Nuclear Power Plant|Chashma–IV]] reactors, each with 325–340 MWe, costing [[Pakistani rupee|₨]]129 billion, with ₨80 billion from international sources, mainly China. Another agreement for China's assistance was signed in October 2008, seen as a response to the [[India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement|US–India agreement]]. The project's cost was then US$1.7 billion, with a foreign loan of US$1.07 billion. In 2013, Pakistan established a second [[Karachi Nuclear Power Complex|nuclear complex]] in Karachi with plans for additional reactors, similar to Chashma.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhutta |first1=Zafar |title=Govt to kick off work on 1,100MW nuclear power plant |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/559885/govt-to-kick-off-work-on-1100mw-nuclear-power-plant/|access-date=19 January 2015 |agency=Express Tribune |date=7 June 2013}}</ref> [[Electricity in Pakistan|Electrical energy in Pakistan]] is generated by [[Electricity distribution companies of Pakistan|various corporations]] and distributed evenly among the [[Four Provinces (Pakistan)|four provinces]] by the [[National Electric Power Regulatory Authority]] (NEPRA). However, Karachi-based [[K-Electric]] and [[Water and Power Development Authority]] (WAPDA) generate much of the electricity used in Pakistan and collect revenue nationwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Power Sector Situation in Pakistan |url=http://www.rural-electrification.com/cms/upload/pdf/Pakistan-GTZ-power-sector-overview.pdf|access-date=26 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124180708/http://www.rural-electrification.com/cms/upload/pdf/Pakistan-GTZ-power-sector-overview.pdf |archive-date=24 January 2011 |website=Alternate Energy Development Board and GTZ |year=2005 |page=1}}</ref> In 2023, Pakistan's installed [[electricity generation]] capacity was ~45,885 MWt.<ref>{{cite web |title=State of Industry Report 2023 |url=https://nepra.org.pk/publications/State%20of%20Industry%20Reports/State%20of%20Industry%20Report%202023.pdf |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=nepra.org.pk |archive-date=18 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418211926/https://nepra.org.pk/publications/State%20of%20Industry%20Reports/State%20of%20Industry%20Report%202023.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pakistan produced 1,135&nbsp;megawatts of [[renewable energy]] for the month of October 2016. Pakistan expects to produce 10,000&nbsp;megawatts of renewable energy by 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1218970/exclusive-club-nations-pakistan-producing-1000mw-clean-energy/ |title=Pakistan producing more than 1,000MW of clean energy |date=3 November 2016 |newspaper=The Express Tribune|access-date=3 November 2016}}</ref>