Editing Pacifism (section)

=====Germany=====
Pacifists in [[Nazi Germany]] were dealt with harshly, reducing the movement into almost nonexistence; those who continued to advocate for the end of the war and violence were often sent to labor camps; German pacifist [[Carl von Ossietzky]]<ref>Brock and Young, p. 99.</ref> and [[Olaf Kullmann]], a Norwegian pacifist active during the Nazi occupation,<ref>Brock and Socknat, pp.&nbsp;402–403.</ref> were both imprisoned in concentration camps and died as a result of their mistreatment there. Austrian farmer [[Franz Jägerstätter]] was executed in 1943 for refusing to serve in the [[Wehrmacht]].<ref>''[[In Solitary Witness: The Life and Death of Franz Jägerstätter]]'' by [[Gordon Zahn]].Springfield, Illinois: Templegate Publishers. {{ISBN|087243141X}}.</ref>

German nationalism consumed even the most peaceful of Christians, who may have believed that Hitler was acting in the good faith of Germany or who may have been so suppressed by the Nazi regime that they were content to act as bystanders to the violence occurring around them. [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]], an anti-Nazi German pastor who later died in 1945 in the [[Flossenbürg concentration camp]], once wrote in a letter to his grandmother: "The issue really is: Germanism or Christianity."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lovin |first=Robin W. |date=July 1997 |title=Dietrich Bonhoeffer Works Volume 2: Act and Being: Transcendental Philosophy and Ontology in Systematic Theology; Minneapolis, Fortress, 1996. 237 pp. $30.00: Dietrich Bonhoeffer Works Volume 5: Life Together; Prayerbook of the Bible; Minneapolis, Fortress, 1996. 218 pp. $30.00 |journal=Theology Today |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=266–268 |doi=10.1177/004057369705400223 |s2cid=170907892}}</ref>

After the end of the war, it was discovered that "[[The Black Book (list)|The Black Book]]" or ''Sonderfahndungsliste G.B.'', a list of Britons to be arrested in the event of a [[Operation Sealion|successful German invasion of Britain]], included three active pacifists: [[Vera Brittain]], [[Sybil Thorndike]] and [[Aldous Huxley]] (who had left the country).<ref>Reinhard R. Doerries, ''Hitler's Intelligence Chief: Walter Schellenberg'', New York. Enigma Books, 2013 {{ISBN|1936274132}} (p. 33)</ref><ref>William Hetherington, ''Swimming Against the Tide:The Peace Pledge Union Story, 1934–2009''. London; The Peace Pledge Union, {{ISBN|978-0902680517}} (p. 14)</ref>