Editing Oligopoly (section)

=== Europe ===

In the [[European Union]], [[rail freight]] markets have an oligopolistic structure.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.3141/2609-04|quote=most of the rail freight markets still have an oligopolistic structure... |title=Application of the Principles of Energy Exchanges to the Rail Freight Sector |year=2017 |last1=Jain |first1=Anuradha |last2=Bruckmann |first2=Dirk |journal=Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board |volume=2609 |pages=28–35 |s2cid=115709002 }}</ref>

==== United Kingdom ====
In the United Kingdom, the 'Big Four' [[Supermarket|supermarket chains]] - [[Tesco]], [[Asda]], [[Sainsbury's]] and [[Morrisons]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wood |first=Zoe |date=2022-09-17 |title='Big four no more': where now for UK grocers as Aldi overtakes Morrisons? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/sep/17/big-four-uk-grocers-aldi-morrisons-cost-of-living-crisis |access-date=2023-12-24 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> - is an oligopoly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK Supermarket Oligopoly: Definition, Analysis & Examples |url=https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/microeconomics/microeconomics-examples/uk-supermarket-oligopoly/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=StudySmarter UK |language=en-GB |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224182504/https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/microeconomics/microeconomics-examples/uk-supermarket-oligopoly/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The development of this oligopoly is believed to have resulted in a reduction of competition in the retail sector, coincides with the decline of independent [[High Street|high street retailers]], and may also be affecting suppliers and farmers through [[monopsony]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-20 |title=The supermarket sector |url=https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/business_economics/supermarkets.html/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Economics Online |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224182504/https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/business_economics/supermarkets.html/ |url-status=live }}</ref>