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==Transport== [[File:Newcastle Interchange 2022.jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[Newcastle Interchange]] is a major interchange for commuter rail, light rail and buses.]] Like most major cities, the Newcastle metropolitan area has an extensive system of both road links and road based public transport services (bus, taxi etc.) which cover most areas of both [[City of Newcastle|Newcastle]] and [[City of Lake Macquarie|Lake Macquarie]] and which extend beyond the metropolitan area itself. Rail transport, however, is accessible to only a relatively small percentage of the population along the major rail transport routes and ferry services are restricted to those commuting between Newcastle and [[Stockton, New South Wales|Stockton]]. Within the metropolitan area the car remains the dominant form of transportation. Newcastle, like all major Australian urban centres, had a [[Trams in Newcastle, New South Wales|tram system]], but it was closed in 1950. In February 2019, trams returned to the city with the opening of the [[Newcastle Light Rail]].<ref>[https://transportnsw.info/news/2019/light-rail-in-newcastle-opening-from-monday-18-february Light rail in Newcastle opening from Monday 18 February] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204122512/https://transportnsw.info/news/2019/light-rail-in-newcastle-opening-from-monday-18-february |date=4 February 2019 }} [[Transport for NSW]] 3 February 2019</ref> ===Road=== Newcastle is connected to surrounding cities by the [[Pacific Motorway (Sydney-Newcastle)|Pacific Motorway]] (south), [[Hunter Expressway]] (west), [[New England Highway]] (west) and the [[Pacific Highway, Australia|Pacific Highway]] (north and south). [[Hunter Street, Newcastle|Hunter Street]] is the main shopping street in the Newcastle CBD and, along with King Street, is one of the major links to the Pacific Highway from the CBD. King Street provides direct access to the [[Newcastle Link Road]] and then the Pacific Motorway and Hunter Expressway. ===Bus=== [[File:Newcastle State Transit Bustech Volvo B7RLE bus.jpg|thumb|[[Newcastle Buses & Ferries]] [[Bustech]] bodied [[Volvo B7RLE]] operating the Hamilton shuttle route in 2016]] {{Main|Buses in Newcastle, New South Wales}} Bus services within Newcastle are operated by [[Newcastle Transport]]. Prior to July 2017, these were operated by [[Newcastle Buses & Ferries]]. [[Hunter Valley Buses]], [[Port Stephens Coaches]] and [[Rover Coaches]] also operate services into the CBD from other parts of the Hunter Region. The network radiates from a bus terminal at [[Newcastle Interchange]]. Major interchanges are located at the [[University of Newcastle, Australia|University of Newcastle]], [[Wallsend, New South Wales|Wallsend]], [[Glendale, New South Wales|Glendale]], [[Warners Bay]], [[Belmont, New South Wales|Belmont]], [[Charlestown Square]] and [[Westfield Kotara]]. [[Greyhound Australia]], [[Premier Transport Group#Premier Motor Service|Premier Motor Service]] and [[Sid Fogg's]] long-distance services serve Newcastle. ===Rail=== The Newcastle area is serviced by two [[NSW TrainLink]] intercity lines providing local and regional commuter services terminating at [[Newcastle Interchange]] along the [[Newcastle railway line|Newcastle line]]. The [[Central Coast & Newcastle Line]] has twice-hourly train services to Sydney and the [[Central Coast (New South Wales)|Central Coast]]. The [[Hunter Line]] has twice-hourly services to [[Maitland railway station|Maitland]] and less frequently to [[Scone railway station|Scone]] and [[Dungog railway station|Dungog]]. Two long-distance lines operate through the Newcastle area using [[Broadmeadow railway station|Broadmeadow station]]. These provide services to [[Moree railway station|Moree]], [[Armidale railway station|Armidale]], [[Roma Street railway station|Brisbane]] and Sydney. [[File:Honeysuckle Light Rail Stop.jpg|thumb|The [[Newcastle Light Rail]] line at [[Honeysuckle, Newcastle|Honeysuckle]]]] Newcastle once had rail passenger services to [[Belmont, New South Wales|Belmont]] and [[Toronto, New South Wales|Toronto]], on [[Lake Macquarie (New South Wales)|Lake Macquarie]], [[Wallsend, New South Wales|Wallsend]], [[Kurri Kurri]] and several towns and villages between Maitland and [[Cessnock, New South Wales|Cessnock]] on the [[South Maitland Railway]], but these lines have been closed. In the late-1990s there was intense debate about the future of the rail line into central Newcastle. In December 2014, the Newcastle line was curtailed to [[Hamilton railway station, New South Wales|Hamilton]].<ref>[https://www.newcastleherald.com.au/story/2784964/last-train-leaves-newcastle-station-video/?cs=303 Last train leaves Newcastle station] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225213501/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/2784964/last-train-leaves-newcastle-station-video/?cs=303 |date=2014-12-25}} ''[[Newcastle Herald]]'' 26 December 2014</ref> A new [[Newcastle Interchange]] opened on 15 October 2017.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 October 2017 |title=Timetable changes Central Coast & Newcastle Line and Hunter Line |url=https://transportnsw.info/news/2017/timetable-change-central-coast-newcastle-line-hunter-line |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013053717/https://transportnsw.info/news/2017/timetable-change-central-coast-newcastle-line-hunter-line |archive-date=13 October 2017 |access-date=13 October 2017 |publisher=[[Transport for NSW]]}}</ref> The [[Newcastle Light Rail]] line also operates from here.<ref>[http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/projects-wickham-transport-interchange Wickham Transport Interchange] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615190205/http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/projects-wickham-transport-interchange |date=15 June 2016 }} Transport for NSW</ref><ref>[http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/media-releases/newcastle-light-rail-announced Newcastle Light Rail Announced] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524032522/http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/media-releases/newcastle-light-rail-announced |date=24 May 2014 }} Transport for NSW 23 May 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2014/05/23/4010610.htm Light rail route for city finally unveiled] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515050318/http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2014/05/23/4010610.htm |date=15 May 2017 }} ''ABC News'' 23 May 2014</ref> From 1924 until 1994, [[Broadmeadow Locomotive Depot]] was the main railway centre for the Hunter region. [[Cardiff Locomotive Workshops]] opened in 1928, primarily as a major repair centre for [[New South Wales Government Railways]] locomotives, although it did build twelve [[New South Wales C38 class locomotive|38 class]] and two [[New South Wales D58 class locomotive|58 class]] locomotives. Today it is operated by [[Downer Rail]] and along with [[UGL Rail]]'s Broadmeadow plant, remains active as a locomotive and rolling stock manufacturer and repairer. ===Water=== [[File:Stockton Ferry Shortland (21944434600).jpg|thumb|The [[Stockton ferry service|Stockton Ferry]]]] The [[Port of Newcastle]] is crucial to the economic life of Newcastle and the Hunter Valley region beyond. Over 90 million tonnes of coal is shipped through the facility each year—making it the largest coal exporting port in the world.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jessica Darnbrough |date=21 January 2009 |title=Newcastle takes world's largest coal exporter crown |url=http://www.miningaustralia.com.au/news/newcastle-takes-world-s-largest-coal-exporter-crow |access-date=9 April 2015 |publisher=Mining Australia |archive-date=14 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414095945/http://www.miningaustralia.com.au/news/newcastle-takes-world-s-largest-coal-exporter-crow |url-status=live }}</ref> The Port of Newcastle claims to be Australia's first port. Coal was first exported from the harbour in 1799. Newcastle Transport operates a [[Stockton ferry service|ferry service]] across the Hunter River between Newcastle's CBD and Stockton. ===Airport=== [[Newcastle Airport, New South Wales|Newcastle Airport]] is located {{cvt|15|km|0}} north of the Newcastle CBD ({{cvt|27|km|0|disp=sqbr}} by road). The airport, which is a joint venture between [[City of Newcastle|Newcastle City Council]] and [[Port Stephens Council]], has experienced rapid growth since 2000 as a result of an increase in [[low-cost airline]] operations. The airport is located at [[RAAF Base Williamtown]], a [[Royal Australian Air Force]] base on land leased from the [[Department of Defence (Australia)|Department of Defence]].<ref>{{cite web |date=24 June 2005 |title=Media Release: Lease Extended For Newcastle Airport |url=http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/2005/10605.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070907180140/http://www.minister.defence.gov.au//2005/10605.doc |archive-date=7 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2008 |publisher=[[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for Defence]] |format=DOC}};<br />{{cite web |date=24 June 2006 |title=Lease Term Extended For Newcastle Airport At RAAF Base Williamtown |url=http://www.patersononline.com/cgi-bin/engine.pl?Page=page.html&Rec=653 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611183934/http://www.patersononline.com/cgi-bin/engine.pl?Page=page.html&Rec=653 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=11 June 2008 |access-date=11 April 2008 |publisher=[[Bob Baldwin (politician)|Bob Baldwin]]}}</ref> Newcastle Heliport operates alongside the lower section of Newcastle Harbour. The suburb of [[Broadmeadow]] is home to the base of the [[Westpac Life Saver Rescue Helicopter Service]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Westpac Rescue Helicopter Service – Base and Hangars |url=http://www.rescuehelicopter.com.au/operations/base |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721162828/http://www.rescuehelicopter.com.au/operations/base |archive-date=21 July 2008 |access-date=24 September 2008 |publisher=[[Westpac Life Saver Rescue Helicopter Service]]}}</ref> The Helicopter service is one of the longest running services of this type in the world. Two helicopters operate out of this base and operate 24 hours a day. The closure of [[Belmont Airport]], commonly referred to as Aeropelican, in the [[City of Lake Macquarie|Lake Macquarie]] suburb of [[Marks Point, New South Wales|Marks Point]] has caused Williamtown to become Newcastle's only major airport and residents in the south of the Newcastle metropolitan area must commute up to {{cvt|55|km|0}} by car to reach Williamtown.
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