Editing National Rally (section)

=== Foreign policy ===
From the 1980s to the 1990s, the party's policy shifted from favouring the [[European Union]] to turning against it.{{sfn|Shields|2007|p=272}} In 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen campaigned on pulling France out of the EU and re-introducing the [[franc]] as the country's national currency.{{sfn|Shields|2007|p=282}} In the early 2000s, the party denounced the [[Schengen Agreement|Schengen]], [[Maastricht Treaty|Maastricht]], and [[Treaty of Amsterdam|Amsterdam]] treaties as foundations for "a supranational entity spelling the end of France."{{sfn|Shields|2007|pp=282 f}} In 2004, the party criticised the EU as "the last stage on the road to [[world government]]", likening it to a "puppet of the [[New World Order (conspiracy theory)|New World Order]]."{{sfn|Shields|2007|p=299}} It also proposed breaking all institutional ties back to the [[Treaty of Rome]] while it returned to supporting a common European currency to rival the United States dollar.{{sfn|Shields|2007|p=299}} Further, it rejected the possible [[Accession of Turkey to the European Union|accession of Turkey to the EU]].{{sfn|Shields|2007|p=299}} The FN was also one of several parties that backed France's 2005 [[2005 French European Constitution referendum|rejection of the Treaty for a European Constitution]]. In other issues, Le Pen opposed the invasions of Iraq, led by the [[United States]], both in the 1991 [[Gulf War]] and the 2003 [[Iraq War]].{{sfn|Shields|2007|p=315}} He visited [[Saddam Hussein]] in [[Baghdad]] in 1990 and subsequently considered him a friend.<ref name=tnyt2 />

Marine Le Pen advocated France leaving the [[euro]], although that policy was dropped in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2019/01/16/01002-20190116ARTFIG00326-le-rn-abandonne-la-sortie-de-l-euro.php|title=Le Rassemblement national abandonne définitivement la sortie de l'euro|date=16 January 2019|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-date=20 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120200141/https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2019/01/16/01002-20190116ARTFIG00326-le-rn-abandonne-la-sortie-de-l-euro.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFTRE72J1IZ20110320|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324093424/http://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFTRE72J1IZ20110320|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 March 2011|work=Reuters|title=France's Le Pen wants France, Greece, Spain to ditch euro|first=George|last=Georgiopoulos|date=20 March 2011|access-date=1 August 2011}}</ref> She also intends to reintroduce [[Customs area|customs borders]] and has campaigned against allowing [[dual citizenship]].<ref name="spiegel">{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,772875,00.html|title=Madame Rage|work=[[Der Spiegel]]|date=7 July 2011|access-date=1 August 2011|first=Mathieu von|last=Rohr|archive-date=30 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110730065634/http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,772875,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> During both the [[2010–2011 Ivorian crisis]] and the [[2011 Libyan civil war]], she opposed the French military involvements.<ref name=tnyt /> However, the party supported the 2013 [[Operation Serval]] in Mali against Islamist militants in the country because it was at the request of the Malian government.<ref>{{cite news|work=Voice of America|title=French Military Operations in Africa Unpopular at Home|quote= Le Pen says she supported the intervention in Mali, because the Malians asked France to step in|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/french-military-operations-in-africa-unpopular-at-home/1829628.html}}</ref>

Le Pen has praised Egyptian President [[Abdel Fattah El-Sisi]] for "fighting radical Islam", stating that Egypt's "ability to separate extremist Islam from the religion sets an example to the rest of the world, including France, of how to deal with poisonous ideologies".<ref>{{cite news|work=The New Arab|title=French far-right leader praises 'model' state Egypt for 'fighting radical Islam'|date=15 December 2020|url=https://www.newarab.com/news/french-far-right-leader-praises-egypt-fighting-radical-islam}}</ref> The party has also favourably contrasted the [[United Arab Emirates]]'s opposition to Islamism with the more pro-Islamist position taken by [[Qatar]].<ref>{{cite news|work=Le Figaro|quote=Les responsables du Front national érigent volontiers les Émirats en contre-exemple du Qatar, accusé de financer le fondamentalisme islamiste.|title=En quête de finances pour 2017, le FN fait les yeux doux aux Émirats arabes unis|date=25 October 2016|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/coulisses/2016/10/24/25006-20161024ARTFIG00134-en-quete-de-finances-pour-2017-le-fn-fait-les-yeux-doux-aux-emirats-arabes-unis.php}}</ref> The party has advocated closer [[France–Morocco relations]], criticising Macron's attempts to deepen ties with Algeria.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://observalgerie.com/2023/10/17/politique/marine-le-pen-algerie-maroc/ | title=Le parti de Marine le Pen s'attaque à l'Algérie et fait l'éloge du Maroc | date=17 October 2023 }}</ref> In January 2023, the National Rally was one of only four parties in the European Parliament that voted against a resolution condemning Morocco's treatment of journalist [[Omar Radi]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://howtheyvote.eu/votes/152265 | title=Vote results: Resolution on the situation of journalists in Morocco, notably the case of Omar Radi | date=19 January 2023 }}</ref> It praised the 2024 recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over the [[Western Sahara]] and suggested the French government should have acted sooner.<ref>{{cite news|work=Morocco World News|title='A Historic Moment': How French Politicians Reacted to France's New Stance on Western Sahara|date=31 July 2024|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2024/07/364254/a-historic-moment-how-french-politicians-reacted-to-frances-new-stance-on-western-sahara}}</ref>

Le Pen supports the restoration of [[France-Syria relations]] and called for cooperation with Israel, the United States, Russia, Iran, and Saudi Arabia to support the economic recovery of Lebanon from the [[Lebanese economic crisis (2019-present)|Lebanese economic crisis]]. The party supports a [[two-state solution]] to the [[Israel-Palestine conflict]] and welcomed the [[Abraham Accords]].<ref name="presidential program">{{cite news|work=Euractiv|url=https://www.euractiv.fr/section/elections/news/presidentielle-les-principaux-points-du-programme-diplomatique-de-marine-le-pen/|title=Présidentielle : les principaux points du programme diplomatique de Marine Le Pen|date=14 April 2022}}</ref> The party has shifted towards more [[pro-Israel]] policies over time, particularly following the [[Gaza war]].<ref>{{cite web|work=New York Sun|title=Leader of France's Rightist Party, Marine Le Pen, in a Sharp Turn After Attack by Hamas, Voices Strong Support for Israel|date=8 October 2023|url=https://www.nysun.com/article/leader-of-frances-rightist-party-marine-le-pen-in-a-sharp-turn-after-attack-by-hamas-voices-strong-support-for-israel}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=Politico|title=Marine Le Pen courts French Jews as far left refuses to condemn Hamas|date=October 22, 2023|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/france-marine-le-pen-courts-french-jews-in-wake-of-hamas-attacks-israel/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=BFM TV|date=5 November 2023|title=Israël: "Je souhaite que nous puissions nous y rendre dans les prochains temps", affirme Jordan Bardella|url=https://www.bfmtv.com/politique/front-national/israel-je-souhaite-que-nous-puissions-nous-y-rendre-dans-les-prochains-temps-affirme-jordan-bardella_VN-202311050397.html}}</ref> Bardella has expressed opposition to recognition of Palestinian statehood following the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel]], on the grounds that this would be "recognising terrorism".<ref>{{cite news|work=Middle East Eye|title=France's far-right leader 'unfavourable to recognition of Palestinian state'|date=24 June 2024|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/frances-far-right-leader-unfavourable-recognition-palestinian-state}}</ref> Following the [[2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon]], Le Pen suggested that a ceasefire would be impossible without the "dismantling" of [[Hezbollah]].<ref>{{cite news|work=Times of Israel|title=Pour Marine le Pen, un cessez-le-feu passe par un " démantèlement " du Hezbollah|date=29 September 2024|url=https://fr.timesofisrael.com/pour-marine-le-pen-un-cessez-le-feu-passe-par-un-demantelement-du-hezbollah/}}</ref>

==== Russia and Ukraine ====
Marine Le Pen described Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] as a "defender of the Christian heritage of European civilisation."<ref name="Ind141127">{{cite news|last=Lichfield|first=John|date=27 November 2014|title=€40m of Russian cash will allow Marine Le Pen's Front National to take advantage of rivals' woes in upcoming regional and presidential elections|work=[[The Independent]]|location=London|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/40m-of-russian-cash-will-allow-marine-le-pens-front-national-to-take-advantage-of-rivals-woes-in-upcoming-regional-and-presidential-elections-9888509.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211084552/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/40m-of-russian-cash-will-allow-marine-le-pens-front-national-to-take-advantage-of-rivals-woes-in-upcoming-regional-and-presidential-elections-9888509.html|archive-date=11 February 2015}}</ref> The National Front considers that [[Ukraine]] has been subjugated by the [[United States]], through the [[Revolution of Dignity]]. The National Front denounces anti-Russian feelings in Eastern Europe and the submission of Western Europe to "Washington's" interests in the region.<ref>[http://www.frontnational.com/2014/12/lukraine-de-louest-desormais-ouvertement-vassalisee-par-washington/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706153814/http://www.frontnational.com/2014/12/lukraine-de-louest-desormais-ouvertement-vassalisee-par-washington/|date=6 July 2015}}</ref> Marine Le Pen is very critical against the threats of sanctions directed by the international community against Russia: "European countries should seek a solution through diplomacy rather than making threats that could lead to an escalation." She argues that the United States is leading a [[Second Cold War|new Cold War]] against Russia. She sees no other solution for peace in Ukraine than to organise a kind of federation that would allow each region a large degree of autonomy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/ukraine-la-revolte/20140304.OBS8508/ukraine-de-melenchon-a-le-pen-qu-en-disent-les-politiques-francais.html |title=UKRAINE. De Mélenchon à Le Pen, qu'en disent les politiques français ?- 5 mars 2014 – L'Obs |date=5 March 2014 |publisher=Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com |access-date=31 March 2015 |archive-date=17 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217165617/http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/ukraine-la-revolte/20140304.OBS8508/ukraine-de-melenchon-a-le-pen-qu-en-disent-les-politiques-francais.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She thinks Ukraine should be sovereign and free as any other nation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/marine_le_pen_ukraines_association_with_eu___best_option_305625 |title=Marine Le Pen: Ukraine s association with EU – best option&#124; Ukrinform |publisher=Ukrinform.ua |date=26 June 2013 |access-date=31 March 2015 |archive-date=8 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308061856/http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/marine_le_pen_ukraines_association_with_eu___best_option_305625 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Luke Harding]] wrote in ''[[The Guardian]]'' that the National Front's [[members of the European Parliament|MEPs]] were a "pro-Russian bloc."<ref name="GN141208">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/08/russia-europe-right-putin-front-national-eu |title=We should beware Russia's links with Europe's right |first=Luke |last=Harding |work=The Guardian |date=8 December 2014 |access-date=12 December 2016 |archive-date=1 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201172522/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/08/russia-europe-right-putin-front-national-eu |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2014, the ''[[Nouvel Observateur]]'' said that the Russian government considered the National Front "capable of seizing power in France and changing the course of European history in Moscow's favour."<ref name="NO141127">{{cite news |url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/politique/20141024.OBS3131/poutine-et-le-fn-revelations-sur-les-reseaux-russes-des-le-pen.html |title=Poutine et le FN : révélations sur les réseaux russes des Le Pen |first=Vincent |last=Jauvert |work=[[Le Nouvel Observateur]] |date=27 November 2014 |access-date=31 January 2015 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129225605/http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/politique/20141024.OBS3131/poutine-et-le-fn-revelations-sur-les-reseaux-russes-des-le-pen.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the French media, party leaders had frequent contact with Russian ambassador Alexander Orlov and Marine Le Pen made multiple trips to [[Moscow]].<ref name="BD141123">{{cite news |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20141123-france-far-right-turns-russian-lender-national-front-marine-le-pen/ |title=France's cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender |first=Benjamin |last=Dodman |work=France24 |date=23 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129205458/http://www.france24.com/en/20141123-france-far-right-turns-russian-lender-national-front-marine-le-pen/ |archive-date=29 January 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2015, one of her advisers, [[Emmanuel Leroy]], attended an event in Donetsk marking the "independence" of the self-proclaimed [[Donetsk People's Republic]].<ref name="DB150514">{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/05/14/marine-le-pen-s-closest-advisor-comes-out-of-the-shadows-in-donetsk.html |title=Marine Le Pen's Closest Advisor Comes Out of the Shadows in Donetsk |first=Pierre |last=Vaux |work=[[The Daily Beast]] |date=14 May 2015 |access-date=15 May 2015 |archive-date=16 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516222633/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/05/14/marine-le-pen-s-closest-advisor-comes-out-of-the-shadows-in-donetsk.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The RN remains divided on relations with Russia, with Bardella stating that he believed Russia threatened French security. At the same time, [[Thierry Mariani]] suggested it was not a threat to France or Europe.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/french-far-right-party-divided-over-putins-non-invitation-to-d-day-anniversary/|work=Euractiv|title=French far-right party divided over Putin's non-invitation to D-Day anniversary|date=6 June 2024}}</ref> The more pro-Russian Mariani has been described as in conflict with [[Pierre-Romain Thionnet]], who has advocated a more pro-Ukrainian line, with Bardella maintaining a balance between the two positions.<ref>{{cite news|work=Le Monde|title=The French far right's slow re-alignment on Ukraine|date=3 January 2025|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2025/01/03/the-french-far-right-s-slow-re-alignment-on-ukraine_6736661_5.html}}</ref>

During the [[2022 French presidential election]], Le Pen supported sending non-lethal defensive aid to Ukraine in the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], but not heavy weapons that would make France a "co-belligerent" in the conflict.<ref name="presidential program"/> Similarly, Bardella has expressed support for defense equipment, ammunition, and logistical assistance to Ukraine but maintains opposition to giving long-range missiles to Ukraine or deploying French soldiers there.<ref>{{cite news|work=Politico|title=Bardella: No troops or long-range missiles to Ukraine|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/france-jordan-bardella-backs-sending-ammo-to-ukraine-not-troops-long-range-missiles-defense-spending/|date=19 June 2024}}</ref> He is also opposed to Ukrainian NATO membership, suggesting it could escalate the war.<ref>{{cite news|work=Ukrinform|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3886165-leader-of-french-farright-in-ep-stands-against-condemning-orbans-peace-initiatives.html|title=Leader of French far-right in EP stands against condemning Orbán's "peace initiatives"|date=17 July 2024}}</ref>

==== European Union ====
Since their entry into the European Parliament in 1979, the National Rally has promoted a message of being pro-Europe but anti-EU.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lorimer|first=Marta|date=2020|title=Europe as ideological resource: the case of the Rassemblement National|journal=Journal of European Public Policy|volume=27|issue=9|pages=1388–1405|doi=10.1080/13501763.2020.1754885|hdl=10871/120863 |s2cid=219020617|issn=1350-1763|hdl-access=free}}</ref> However, in 2019, the proposal that France leave the [[Eurozone]] and the EU was removed from the party's manifesto, which has since called for "reform from within" of the union.<ref>{{bulleted list|{{cite news |title=European far right hails Brexit vote |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/24/european-far-right-hails-britains-brexit-vote-marine-le-pen |work=the Guardian |date=24 June 2016}}|{{cite news |title=European elections 2019 – as it happened |url=https://www.ft.com/content/ea2d07f2-1ae2-3ea2-921b-2f706342bf35 |work=Financial Times |date=27 May 2019}}|{{cite news |title=EU vote may shift power in main euro zone states, stall integration |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-election-economy-idUSKCN1SU1DV |work=Reuters |date=24 May 2019}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Le Rassemblement national abandonne définitivement la sortie de l'euro|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2019/01/16/01002-20190116ARTFIG00326-le-rn-abandonne-la-sortie-de-l-euro.php|website=lefigaro.fr|date=16 January 2019|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-date=20 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120200141/https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2019/01/16/01002-20190116ARTFIG00326-le-rn-abandonne-la-sortie-de-l-euro.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/retreating-eurosceptics-now-settle-for-reforms-from-within/|title = Retreating Eurosceptics now settle for 'reforms from within'|date = 6 November 2019|access-date = 23 April 2021|archive-date = 23 April 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210423063719/https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/retreating-eurosceptics-now-settle-for-reforms-from-within/|url-status = live}}</ref> The party advocates that EU legislation should be initiated by the [[Council of the European Union|Council of the EU]] rather than the [[European Commission]], and that French laws should have primacy over EU laws.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

==== NATO ====
The party's stance on NATO has varied throughout the years. Under Jean-Marie Le Pen's leadership, the party advocated a complete withdrawal from the organization, while under Marine Le Pen's leadership, the party has softened its stance to advocate leaving NATO's integrated military command structure, which France joined in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.estrepublicain.fr/elysee-2012/2012/01/08/l-otan-vue-par-marine-le-pen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519012527/https://www.estrepublicain.fr/elysee-2012/2012/01/08/l-otan-vue-par-marine-le-pen|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 May 2021|title=L'OTAN vue par Marine le Pen|access-date=6 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/03/14/asselineau-le-pen-dupont-aignan-melenchon-quatre-nuances-de-souverainisme_5094146_4854003.html|title=Asselineau, le Pen, Dupont-Aignan, Mélenchon… quatre nuances de souverainisme|newspaper=Le Monde.fr|date=14 March 2017|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519012523/https://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/03/14/asselineau-le-pen-dupont-aignan-melenchon-quatre-nuances-de-souverainisme_5094146_4854003.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marianne.net/blogsecretdefense/Ce-que-Marine-Le-Pen-propose-pour-la-defense_a445.html|title=Ce que Marine le Pen propose pour la défense|access-date=7 November 2021|archive-date=13 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113201726/https://www.marianne.net/blogsecretdefense/Ce-que-Marine-Le-Pen-propose-pour-la-defense_a445.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{bulleted list|{{cite web |url=http://www.politics.as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/5628/Aldrich_2013.pdf |title=Economic Voting and the national Front: Towards a Subregional Understanding of the Extreme-Right |publisher=Politics.as.nyu.edu |access-date=31 March 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075311/http://www.politics.as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/5628/Aldrich_2013.pdf |url-status=live }}|{{cite web |url=http://www.enquete-debat.fr/archives/marine-le-pen-entre-souverainisme-et-identitarisme-68403 |title=Marine Le Pen, entre souverainisme et identitarisme |publisher=Enquete&Debat |date=23 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307114258/http://www.enquete-debat.fr/archives/marine-le-pen-entre-souverainisme-et-identitarisme-68403 |archive-date=7 March 2016}}}}</ref> [[Jordan Bardella]] later added that the RN would not advocate withdrawing France from the integrated command while the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] was ongoing.<ref>{{cite news|work=AP|url=https://apnews.com/article/france-election-jordan-bardella-nato-37ddf1a661df6d10441d33dcad6c3bf4|title=Far-right leader Bardella backpedals on taking France out of NATO strategic military command|date=19 June 2024}}</ref>