Editing Multiculturalism (section)

===United Kingdom===
{{Main|Modern immigration to the United Kingdom}}
Multicultural policies<ref name="Wotherspoon1995">{{cite book|author=Terry Wotherspoon|title=Multicultural education in a changing global economy: Canada and the Netherlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PcKGBd4itKYC&pg=PA1|year=1995|publisher=Waxmann Verlag|isbn=978-3-89325-331-9|page=1}}</ref> were adopted by local administrations from the 1970s and 1980s onwards. In 1997, the newly elected [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] government committed to a multiculturalist approach at a national level,<ref name="Hadjetian2008">{{cite book|author=Sylvia Hadjetian|title=Multiculturalism and Magic Realism? Between Fiction and Reality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBaE1n0juzsC&pg=PA31|date=April 2008|publisher=GRIN Verlag|isbn=978-3-638-93283-7|page=31}}</ref> but after 2001, there was something of a [[Criticism of multiculturalism#United Kingdom|backlash]], led by centre-left commentators such as [[David Goodhart]] and [[Trevor Phillips]]. The Government then embraced a policy of [[community cohesion]] instead. In 2011, [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] said in a speech that "state multiculturalism has failed".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-12371994 |title=State multiculturalism has failed, says David Cameron |newspaper=[[BBC News Online]] |date=5 February 2011}}</ref> Critics argue that analyses which view society as 'too diverse' for social democracy and cohesion have "performative" effects regarding legitimate racism towards those classed as immigrants.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Erel |first1=Umut |last2=Murji |first2=Karim |last3=Nahaboo |first3=Zaki |title=Understanding the contemporary race–migration nexus |journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies |date=13 May 2016 |volume=39 |issue=8 |page=1353 |doi=10.1080/01419870.2016.1161808 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lentin |first1=Alana |last2=Titley |first2=Gavan |title=The Crisis of Multiculturalism: Racism in a Neoliberal Age |date=2011 |publisher=Zed Books |location=London; New York |isbn=978-1848135819 }}</ref> Others, however, like author [[Ed West (journalist)|Ed West]], criticize the notion that the United Kingdom is or should be a multicultural society in the first place and that the project of diversity is misguided.<ref name="West 2013">West, Ed (2013). ''The Diversity Illusion: What We Got Wrong About Immigration & How to Set it Right'', Gibson Square Books Ltd ({{ISBN|978-1908096050}})</ref>