Editing Modernism (section)

== Modernism in Asia ==
{{See also|Santiniketan: The Making of a Contextual Modernism|Hanshinkan Modernism}}

The terms "modernism" and "modernist", according to scholar William J. Tyler, "have only recently become part of the standard discourse in English on modern Japanese literature and doubts concerning their authenticity vis-à-vis Western European modernism remain". Tyler finds this odd, given "the decidedly modern prose" of such "well-known Japanese writers as [[Kawabata Yasunari]], [[Nagai Kafu]], and [[Jun'ichirō Tanizaki]]". However, "scholars in the visual and fine arts, architecture, and poetry readily embraced "modanizumu" as a key concept for describing and analysing Japanese culture in the 1920s and 1930s".<ref>''Modanizumu: Modernist Fiction from Japan'', 1913–1938. Edited by William J. Tyler. University of Hawai'i Press, 2008, [http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/p-5343-9780824832421.aspx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429104916/http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/p-5343-9780824832421.aspx|date=29 April 2018}}.</ref> In 1924, various young Japanese writers, including Kawabata and [[Riichi Yokomitsu]] started a literary journal ''Bungei Jidai'' ("The Artistic Age"). This journal was "part of an '[[art for art's sake]]' movement, influenced by European Cubism, Expressionism, Dada, and other modernist styles".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://info.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120715b3.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140126214501/http://info.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120715b3.html |archive-date=2014-01-26 |title=Draft confirmed as Kawabata novel |date=2012-07-15 |newspaper=The Japan Times}}</ref>

Japanese modernist architect [[Kenzō Tange]] (1913–2005) was one of the most significant architects of the 20th century, combining traditional Japanese styles with modernism, and designing major buildings on five continents. Tange was also an influential patron of the [[Metabolism (architecture)|Metabolist movement]]. He said: "It was, I believe, around 1959 or at the beginning of the sixties that I began to think about what I was later to call [[Structuralism (architecture)|structuralism]]",<ref>(cited in ''Plan'' 2/1982, Amsterdam)</ref> He was influenced from an early age by the Swiss modernist, [[Le Corbusier]], Tange gained international recognition in 1949 when he won the competition for the design of [[Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum {{!}} Exhibition {{!}} Permanent Exhibitions {{!}} 4 Gallery {{!}} 4-1 Construction of Peace Memorial Park |url=https://hpmmuseum.jp/modules/exhibition/index.php?action=ItemView&item_id=131&lang=eng#:~:text=In%201949,%20a%20design%20competition%20for%20Peace,Peace%20Memorial%20Museum%20opened%20in%20August%201955. |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=hpmmuseum.jp}}</ref>

In China, the "[[New Sensationists]]" (新感觉派, Xīn Gǎnjué Pài) were a group of writers based in Shanghai who in the 1930s and 1940s, were influenced, to varying degrees, by Western and Japanese modernism. They wrote fiction that was more concerned with the unconscious and with aesthetics than with politics or social problems. Among these writers were [[Mu Shiying]] and [[Shi Zhecun]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laureillard |first=Marie |date=2023-07-10 |title=Rêveries et flottements dans la ville |url=https://journals.openedition.org/ideo/3469 |journal=Impressions d'Extrême-Orient |language=fr |issue=15 |doi=10.4000/ideo.3469 |issn=2107-027X|doi-access=free }}</ref>

In India, the [[Progressive Artists' Group]] was a group of modern artists, mainly based in [[Mumbai]], India formed in 1947. Though it lacked any particular style, it synthesized [[Indian art]] with European and North America influences from the first half of the 20th century, including Post-Impressionism, Cubism and Expressionism.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nercam |first=Nicolas |date=2020-01-28 |title=Les Artistes du Groupe de Calcutta (1943–1953) : Entre Tradition Occidentale et Modernité Indienne |url=https://olh.openlibhums.org/article/id/4608/ |journal=Open Library of Humanities |language=fr |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.16995/olh.371 |doi-access=free |issn=2056-6700}}</ref>