Editing Manuel L. Quezon (section)

===={{anchor|Government-in-exile}}Government in exile====
{{main|Government in exile of the Commonwealth of the Philippines}}
[[File:Quezon Roosevelt.jpg|thumb|alt=Quezon, two family members, Franklin D. Roosevelt and a U.S. military officer|Quezon and his family were welcomed in [[Washington, D.C.]] by US President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]].]]

After the Japanese invasion of the Philippines during World War II,<ref>Evacuation flights may be identified at the [http://airforcehistoryindex.org/search.php?q=%22Quezon%22&c=u&h=25&F=&L= AirForceHistoryIndex.org site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404175552/http://airforcehistoryindex.org/search.php?q=%22Quezon%22&c=u&h=25&F=&L= |date=4 April 2023 }} by searching for Quezon</ref> Quezon evacuated to [[Corregidor]] (where he was [[Second inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon|inaugurated for his second term]]) and then to the [[Visayas]] and Mindanao. At the invitation of the U.S. government,<ref>1st Lt William Haddock Campbell, USAAF, received the DSC for his role as co-pilot in the evacuation of the Philippine president from the Philippines, as reported in a local Chicago newspaper, ''The Garfieldian'', [https://archive.today/20120715142352/http://newspaperarchive.com/the-garfieldian/1943-04-01/page-1 1 April 1943 edition].</ref> he was evacuated to Australia,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quezon |first=Manuel L. Jr. |date=8 December 2001 |title=Escape from Corregidor, December 8, 2001 |url=https://philippinesfreepress.wordpress.com/2001/12/08/escape-from-corregidor-december-8-2001/ |website=philippinesfreepress.wordpress.com |access-date=10 March 2020 |archive-date=21 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421160344/https://philippinesfreepress.wordpress.com/2001/12/08/escape-from-corregidor-december-8-2001/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and then to the United States. Quezon established the Commonwealth [[government in exile]], with its headquarters in Washington, D.C. He was a member of the [[Pacific War Council]], signed the United Nations declaration against the [[Axis powers]] and wrote ''The Good Fight'', his autobiography.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

[[File:The Good Fight, by Manuel L. Quezon.djvu|thumb|upright=0.7|left|''The Good Fight'', by Manuel L. Quezon]]

To conduct government business in exile, Quezon hired the entire floor of one wing of the [[Shoreham Hotel]] to accommodate his family and his office. Government offices were established at the quarters of Philippine Resident Commissioner Joaquin Elizalde, who became a member of Quezon's wartime cabinet. Other cabinet appointees were Brigadier-General [[Carlos P. Romulo]] as Secretary of the Department of Information and Public Relations and Jaime Hernandez as Auditor General.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

Sitting under a canvas canopy outside the [[Malinta Tunnel]] on 22 January 1942, Quezon heard a [[Fireside chats|fireside chat]] during which President Roosevelt said that the Allied forces were determined to defeat Berlin and Rome, followed by Tokyo. Quezon was infuriated, summoned General MacArthur and asked him if the U.S. would support the Philippines; if not, Quezon would return to Manila and allow himself to become a prisoner of war. MacArthur replied that if the Filipinos fighting the Japanese learned that he returned to Manila and became a Japanese puppet, they would consider him a turncoat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Manchester |first=William |title=American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur 1880–1964 |date=2008 |publisher=Back Bay Books |page=245}}</ref>

Quezon then heard another broadcast by former president Emilio Aguinaldo urging him and his fellow Filipino officials to yield to superior Japanese forces. Quezon wrote a message to Roosevelt saying that he and his people had been abandoned by the U.S. and it was Quezon's duty as president to stop fighting. MacArthur learned about the message, and ordered Major General [[Richard Marshall (United States Army officer)|Richard Marshall]] to counterbalance it with American propaganda whose purpose was the "glorification of Filipino loyalty and heroism".{{sfn|Manchester|2008|page=246}}

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkmsoL8viM8 On 2 June 1942, Quezon addressed] the [[United States House of Representatives]] about the necessity of relieving the Philippine front. He did the same to the Senate, urging the senators to adopt the slogan "Remember [[Battle of Bataan|Bataan]]". Despite his declining health, Quezon traveled across the U.S. to remind the American people about the Philippine war.<ref name="ReferenceA" />