Editing LSD (section)

===Synthesis===
LSD is an [[ergoline]] derivative. It is commonly synthesized by reacting [[diethylamine]] with an activated form of [[lysergic acid]]. Activating reagents include [[phosphoryl chloride]]<ref name="synth1">{{cite journal |vauthors=Monte AP, Marona-Lewicka D, Kanthasamy A, Sanders-Bush E, Nichols DE |date=March 1995 |title=Stereoselective LSD-like activity in a series of d-lysergic acid amides of (R)- and (S)-2-aminoalkanes |journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=958–66 |pmid=7699712 |doi=10.1021/jm00006a015}}</ref> and [[peptide coupling reagent]]s.<ref name="synth2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nichols DE, Frescas S, Marona-Lewicka D, Kurrasch-Orbaugh DM |date=September 2002 |title=Lysergamides of isomeric 2,4-dimethylazetidines map the binding orientation of the diethylamide moiety in the potent hallucinogenic agent N,N-diethyllysergamide (LSD) |journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry |volume=45 |issue=19 |pages=4344–9 |pmid=12213075 |doi=10.1021/jm020153s}}</ref> Lysergic acid is made by alkaline [[hydrolysis]] of lysergamides like [[ergotamine]], a substance usually derived from the [[ergot]] [[fungus]] on [[agar plate]]. Lysergic acid can also be produced synthetically, although these processes are not used in clandestine manufacture due to their low yields and high complexity.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kornfeld EC, Fornefeld EJ, Kline GB, Mann MJ, Morrison DE, Jones RG, Woodward RB |title=The Total Synthesis of Lysergic Acid |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=78 |issue=13 |pages=3087–3114 |year=1956 |doi=10.1021/ja01594a039|bibcode=1956JAChS..78.3087K }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Inuki S, Oishi S, Fujii N, Ohno H |title=Total synthesis of (+/-)-lysergic acid, lysergol, and isolysergol by palladium-catalyzed domino cyclization of amino allenes bearing a bromoindolyl group |journal=Organic Letters |volume=10 |issue=22 |pages=5239–42 |date=November 2008 |pmid=18956869 |doi=10.1021/ol8022648 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/2663242}}</ref>

Albert Hofmann synthesized LSD in the following manner: (1) hydrazinolysis of ergotamine into D- and L-isolysergic acid hydrazide, (2) separation of the enantiomers with di-(''p''-toluyl)-D-tartaric acid to get D-isolysergic acid hydrazide, (3) enantiomerization into D-lysergic acid hydrazide, (4) substitution with [[Nitrous acid|HNO<sub>2</sub>]] to D-lysergic acid azide and (5) finally substitution with [[diethylamine]] to form D-lysergic acid diethylamide.<ref name="Nichols2018a" />

====Research====
The precursor for LSD, [[lysergic acid]], has been produced by [[GMO]] [[baker's yeast]].<ref>{{cite web |author=((National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine)) |date=10 February 2022 |title=Harvesting baker's yeast for aging-related therapeutics |website=ScienceDaily |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220210154135.htm |access-date=2023-05-04 |archive-date=November 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127230250/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220210154135.htm |url-status=live }} '''Journal Reference:''' {{cite journal |vauthors=Wong G, Lim LR, Tan YQ, Go MK, Bell DJ, Freemont PS, Yew WS |title=Reconstituting the complete biosynthesis of D-lysergic acid in yeast |journal=Nature Communications |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=712 |date=February 2022 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-28386-6 |pmid=35132076 |pmc=8821704 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13..712W}}</ref>