Editing Korea (section)

==Culture==
{{Main|Culture of Korea|Korean art|Korean pottery and porcelain|Korean martial arts|Korean dance|Korean bow|Korean architecture}}
{{location map+ |Korea |float=right|width=250 |caption=Location of World Heritage Sites in Korea.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/kp/ |title=Democratic People's Republic of Korea |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=30 June 2018 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701105958/https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/kp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/kr/ |title=Republic of Korea |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=30 June 2018 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630214116/http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/kr/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{paragraph break}}Note: Seoul is home to three separate properties; Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty locate throughout the country, only one site is shown on map. |places=
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Goguryeo tombs]]
  | position = top
  | lat_deg = 38 | lat_min = 51 | lat_sec = 47 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 125 | lon_min = 24 | lon_sec = 54 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong]]
  | position = top
  | lat_deg = 37 | lat_min = 58 | lat_sec = 00 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 126 | lon_min = 33 | lon_sec = 00 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Baekje Historic Areas]]
  | position = left
  | lat_deg = 36 | lat_min = 27 | lat_sec = 43 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 127 | lon_min = 07 | lon_sec = 38 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Changdeokgung]] / [[Jongmyo]]
  | position = left
  | lat_deg = 37 | lat_min = 33 | lat_sec = 00 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 126 | lon_min = 59 | lon_sec = 00 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Gyeongju Historic Areas]]
  | position =
  | lat_deg = 35 | lat_min = 47 | lat_sec = 20 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 129 | lon_min = 13 | lon_sec = 36 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Haeinsa]]
  | position = top
  | lat_deg = 35 | lat_min = 48 | lat_sec = 00 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 128 | lon_min = 06 | lon_sec = 00 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Hahoe Folk Village|Hahoe]]
  | position = bottom
  | lat_deg = 36 | lat_min = 32 | lat_sec = 21 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 128 | lon_min = 30 | lon_sec = 00 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Yangdong Folk Village|Yangdong]]
  | position = right
  | lat_deg = 36 | lat_min = 00 | lat_sec = 47 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 129 | lon_min = 09 | lon_sec = 45 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Hwaseong Fortress|Hwaseong]]
  | position =
  | lat_deg = 37 | lat_min = 16 | lat_sec = 20 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 127 | lon_min = 00 | lon_sec = 30 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes|Jeju]]
  | position =
  | lat_deg = 33 | lat_min = 28 | lat_sec = 08 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 126 | lon_min = 43 | lon_sec = 13 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Namhansanseong]]
  | position =
  | lat_deg = 37 | lat_min = 28 | lat_sec = 44 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 127 | lon_min = 10 | lon_sec = 52 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty|Royal Tombs of the Joseon]]
  | position =
  | lat_deg = 37 | lat_min = 11 | lat_sec = 50 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 128 | lon_min = 27 | lon_sec = 10 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Bulguksa]] and [[Seokguram]]
  | position = right
  | lat_deg = 35 | lat_min = 47 | lat_sec = 00 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 129 | lon_min = 21 | lon_sec = 00 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = [[Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites|Dolmen Sites]]
  | position =
  | lat_deg = 34 | lat_min = 58 | lat_sec = 00 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 126 | lon_min = 55 | lon_sec = 00 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ |Korea
  | label = Sansa
  | position = top
  | lat_deg = 36 | lat_min = 32 | lat_sec = 31 | lat_dir = N
  | lon_deg = 127 | lon_min = 50 | lon_sec = 00 | lon_dir = E
  }}
}}

[[File:Korean sword dance-Jinju geommu-03.jpg|thumb|Traditional Korean dance (''Jinju geommu'')]]
In ancient Chinese texts, Korea is referred to as "Rivers and Mountains Embroidered on Silk" ({{Korean|hangul=금수강산|hanja={{linktext|錦|繡|江|山}}|labels=no}}) and "Eastern Nation of Decorum" ({{Korean|hangul=동방예의지국|hanja={{linktext|東|方|禮|儀|之|國}}|labels=no}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=714173|script-title=ko:대한민국의 국호|work=Naver Encyclope|access-date=14 August 2007|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916090714/https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1177248&cid=40942&categoryId=34708|url-status=dead}}</ref> Individuals are regarded as one year old when they are born, as Koreans reckon the pregnancy period as one year of life for infants, and age increments increase on [[Korean New Year|New Year's Day]] rather than on the anniversary of birthdays. Thus, one born immediately before New Year's Day may only be a few days old in western reckoning, but two years old in Korea. Accordingly, a Korean person's stated age (at least among fellow Koreans) will be one or two years more than their age according to western reckoning. However, western reckoning is sometimes applied with regard to the concept of [[legal age]]; for example, the [[Legal drinking age|legal age for purchasing alcohol]] or [[Smoking age|cigarettes]] in the Republic of Korea is 19, which is measured according to western reckoning.

===Literature===
{{Excerpt|Korean literature|templates=no}}

===Music===
{{main|Traditional music of Korea}}
Traditional Korean music includes combinations of the folk, vocal, religious and [[Korean Court Music|ritual]] music styles of the [[Korean people]]. Korean music has been practised since prehistoric times.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rare Korean musical instruments exhibited |url=https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20110511000879 |work=[[The Korea Herald]] |date=11 May 2011 |language=en |access-date=24 December 2023 |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224043040/https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20110511000879 |url-status=live }}</ref> Korean music falls into two broad categories. The first, [[Hyangak]], literally means ''The local music'' or ''Music native to Korea'', a famous example of which is Sujechon, a piece of instrumental music often claimed to be at least 1,300 years old.<ref>{{cite book|last1=May|first1=Elizabeth|title=Musics of Many Cultures: An Introduction|date=1983|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0520047785|pages=[https://archive.org/details/musicsofmanycult00hood_0/page/32 32]–33|edition=Ethno Musicology|url=https://archive.org/details/musicsofmanycult00hood_0|url-access=registration|quote=hyangak korea.|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref> The second, ''yangak'', represents a more Western style.

===Cuisine===
{{Main|Korean cuisine}}
{{See also|Korean tea ceremony|Korean royal court cuisine}}
[[File:Gimjang in Gaemi Village, 1 December 2012.jpg|thumb|[[Gimjang]], the process for making [[kimchi]]]]
Koreans traditionally believe that the taste and quality of food depend on its spices and sauces, the essential ingredients to making a delicious meal. Therefore, [[soybean paste]], [[soy sauce]], ''[[gochujang]]'' or red pepper paste and [[kimchi]] are some of the most important staples in a Korean household.

Korean cuisine was greatly influenced by the geography and climate of the Korean Peninsula, which is known for its cold autumns and winters, therefore there are many fermented dishes and hot soups and stews.

Korean cuisine is probably best known for [[kimchi]], a side dish which uses a distinctive [[fermentation (food)|fermentation]] process of preserving vegetables, most commonly cabbage. Kimchi is said to relieve the pores on the skin, thereby reducing wrinkles and providing nutrients to the skin naturally. It is also healthy, as it provides necessary vitamins and nutrients. Gochujang, a traditional Korean sauce made of red pepper is also commonly used, often as pepper (chilli) paste, earning the cuisine a reputation for spiciness.

[[Bulgogi]] (roasted marinated meat, usually beef), [[galbi]] (marinated grilled short ribs), and [[samgyeopsal]] (pork belly) are popular main courses. Fish is also a popular commodity, as it is the traditional meat that Koreans eat. Meals are usually accompanied by a soup or stew, such as [[galbitang]] (stewed ribs) or [[doenjang jjigae]] (fermented bean paste soup). The center of the table is filled with a shared collection of sidedishes called [[banchan]].

Other popular dishes include ''[[bibimbap]]'', which literally means "mixed rice" (rice mixed with meat, vegetables, and red pepper paste), and [[naengmyeon]] (cold noodles).<ref>{{cite news|language=fr|author=Shim Seung-Ja|title=La nourriture coréenne|journal=Revue Culture coréenne|number=61|date=August 2002|pages=17–23}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|language=fr|author=Chang Duk-Sang|title=L'étonnante cuisine coréenne|journal=Revue Culture coréenne|number=24|date=December 1990|pages=2–10}}</ref>

Instant noodles, or ''[[ramyeon]]'', is a popular snack food. Koreans also enjoy food from ''[[pojangmacha]]s'' (street vendors), which serve [[tteokbokki]], rice cake and fish cake with a spicy gochujang sauce; ''[[gimbap]]'', made of steamed white rice wrapped in dried [[green laver]] seaweed; fried squid; and glazed sweet potato. [[Sundae (Korean food)|Soondae]], a sausage made of cellophane noodles and pork blood, is widely eaten.

Additionally, some other common snacks include "[[Choco Pie]]", shrimp crackers, "bbeongtwigi" (puffed rice grains), and "nurungji" (slightly burnt rice). Nurungji can be eaten as it is or boiled with water to make a soup. Nurungji can also be eaten as a snack or a dessert.

Korea is unique among Asian countries in its use of metal chopsticks. Metal chopsticks have been discovered in archaeological sites belonging to the ancient Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla.

===Sports===
{{Main|Sport in South Korea|Sport in North Korea}}
North Korea and South Korea usually compete as two separate nations in international events. There are, however, a few examples of them having [[Korea Team|competed as one entity]], under the name Korea.

While [[association football]] remains one of the most popular sports in South Korea, the martial art of [[taekwondo]] is considered to be the national sport. [[Baseball]] and [[golf]] are also popular. The board game [[Go (game)|Go]], known in Korea as ''baduk'', has also been popular for over a millennium, first arriving from China in the 5th century CE; ''baduk'' is played both casually and competitively.

====Martial arts====
=====Taekwon-Do=====
{{Main|Taekwondo}}
Taekwon-Do is Korea's most famous martial art and sport. It combines combat techniques, self-defence, sport and exercise. Taekwon-Do has become an official Olympic sport, starting as a demonstration event in [[1988 Summer Olympics|1988]] (when South Korea hosted the Games in Seoul) and becoming an official medal event in [[2000 Summer Olympics|2000.]] The two major Taekwon-Do federations were founded in Korea. The two are the [[International Taekwon-Do Federation]] and the [[World Taekwondo Federation]].

=====Hapkido=====
{{Main|Hapkido}}
Hapkido is a modern [[Korean martial arts|Korean martial art]] with a grappling focus that employs joint locks, throws, kicks, punches and other striking attacks like attacks against pressure points. Hapkido emphasises circular motion, non-resisting movements and control of the opponent. Practitioners seek to gain advantage through footwork and body positioning to employ leverage, avoiding the pure use of strength against strength.

=====Ssireum=====
{{Main|Ssireum}}
Ssireum is a traditional form of wrestling that has been practised in Korea for thousands of years, with evidence discovered from Goguryeo of Korea's Three Kingdoms Period (57 BCE to 688). Ssireum is the traditional national sport of Korea. During a match, opponents grip each other by sash belts wrapped around the waist and the thigh, attempting to throw their competitor to the sandy ground of the ring. The first opponent to touch the ground with any body part above the knee or to lose hold of their opponent loses the round.

Ssireum competitions are traditionally held twice a year, during the [[Dano (Korean festival)|Dano Festival]] (the 5th day of the fifth lunar month) and [[Chuseok]] (the 15th day of the 8th lunar month). Competitions are also held throughout the year as a part of festivals and other events.

=====Taekkyon=====
{{Main|Taekkyon}}
Taekkyon is a traditional martial art, considered the oldest form of fighting technique of Korea. Practiced for centuries and especially popular during the [[Joseon]] period, two forms co-existed: one for practical use, the other for sport. This form was usually practised alongside [[Ssireum]] during festivals and competitions between villages. Nonetheless, Taekkyon almost disappeared during the [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese Occupation]] and the [[Korean War]].

Though lost in North Korea, Taekkyon has enjoyed a spectacular revival from the 1980s in South Korea. It is the only martial art in the world (with Ssireum) recognised as a [[National Treasure (South Korea)|National Treasure of South Korea]] and a [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage]].