Editing Kewaunee County, Wisconsin (section)

===Pollution===
[[Polychlorinated biphenyl|PCBs]] from Green Bay have been deposited into the county as windborn dust<ref>[http://ir.nou.edu.tw/bitstream/987654321/207/1/B0110.pdf A Case Study of Atmospheric Dry Deposition] by Jim J. Lin, Department of Life Sciences, National Air University, Tapeii, 1998</ref> and off of [[Fox River (Green Bay tributary)#Environmental issues|contaminated waters]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0380133093712022 | doi=10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71202-2 | title=Atmospheric Deposition of PCBS into Green Bay | year=1993 | last1=Sweet | first1=Clyde W. | last2=Murphy | first2=Thomas J. | last3=Bannasch | first3=James H. | last4=Kelsey | first4=Cynthia A. | last5=Hong | first5=John | journal=Journal of Great Lakes Research | volume=19 | issue=1 | pages=109–128 | bibcode=1993JGLR...19..109S }}</ref>

The only [[superfund]] site in the county is the former Algoma Municipal Landfill.<ref>[https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0505095 Algoma Municipal Landfill], epa.gov, accessed January 19, 2020</ref>

As of 2020, the state listed the following waters in Kewaunee County as being impaired by pollution:
[[Ahnapee River]], Black Creek, Casco Creek, [[East Alaska Lake]], [[East Twin River (Wisconsin)|East Twin River]], Green Bay, Jambo Creek, [[Kewaunee River]], Krok Creek,<ref>Although Krok Creek (along with the East Twin River) is considered an impaired stream for phosphorus levels, a report in 2018 concluded that the "overall fish community in the Upper East Twin River watershed is in good to excellent condition." [http://www.co.kewaunee.wi.gov/docview.asp?docid=24259 Water Quality Surveys of the East Twin River (84000) and Unnamed Tributaries (3000211, 3000212, & 3000213) to the East Twin River, and Krok Creek (86700), Kewaunee County] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504231102/http://www.co.kewaunee.wi.gov/docview.asp?docid=24259 |date=May 4, 2020 }}, Blue Iris Environmental, 2018</ref>  Lake Michigan, Neshota River, Red River, School Creek, Silver Creek, and Stony Creek. Concerns varied from waterway to waterway, but included ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'', [[Mercury regulation in the United States#Water pollution|mercury]], PCBs, [[Nutrient pollution#Phosphorus|phosphorus]], sediment levels, and high levels of [[Total suspended solids|suspended solids]].<ref>[https://dnr.wi.gov/water/impairedSearch.aspx Impaired Search], Wisconsin DNR, Accessed January 17, 2020</ref>

Between 2010 and 2018, there were 76 state-documented manure spills in the county.<ref>[https://datcp.wi.gov/Documents/LWCBApril2019KewauneeCountyLWRMPlan.pdf Kewaunee County 2020-2029 Land & Water Resource Management Plan], Table 12. Kewaunee County Manure Spills, page 43, (page 54 of the pdf), Kewaunee County Land & Water Conservation Department, April 2019</ref> The likelihood of [[Groundwater pollution|well water contamination]] differs depending on which area of the county the well is located, as some areas have thicker layers of soil than others.<ref>[https://wi.water.usgs.gov/gwcomp/find/kewaunee/susceptibility.html Groundwater Contamination Susceptibility Map], wi.water.usgs.gov website, accessed January 18, 2020</ref> An [[Digital mapping|electronic map]] marks the locations of every septic system and drain field, along with situations more liable to spread fecal contamination, such as areas with a shallow water table, high permeability, or likely to have karst features.<ref>[https://maps.ags.ruekert-mielke.com/Html5Viewer/index.html?viewer=KewauneePublic Kewaunee County Public GIS Map], ruekert-mielke.com, accessed January 19, 2020</ref> A different electronic map shows the locations of private wells polluted with nitrates and other contaminants down to the [[Section (United States land surveying)|section]] level.<ref>[https://gissrv3.uwsp.edu/webapps/gwc/pri_wells/ Groundwater Quality Viewer], UW-Stevens Point, College of Natural Resources, Groundwater Center</ref> Another factor is tile drainage, as relatively high amounts of phosphorus were documented from water coming from two tiled sites located on a Kewaunee County farm between 2005 and 2009. The quick drainage reduces the filtration of nutrients out of the water and into the soil.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200208165349/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1c69/82980a422b1a81dc58336efa37d637f0eb07.pdf Phosphorus loss from tile drains: Should we be concerned] by Matt Ruark, Allison Madison,, Eric Cooley, Todd Stuntebeck, and Matt Komiskey, ''Proc. of the 2012 Wisconsin Crop Management Conference, Vol. 51'', page 3, (page 11 of the pdf)</ref> The distribution of bacterial contamination in private wells has been mapped.<ref>[https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0145/8808/4272/files/G3836.pdf Final Report of the Northeast Wisconsin Karst Task Force], Edited by Kevin Erb and Ron Stieglitz, page 27-28 (32-33 of the pdf), February 9, 2007</ref> Some bacteria found in surface water have genes for antibiotic resistance. This is thought to be due to the bovine use of antibiotics.<ref>[https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/94/9/fiy131/5053804 Agricultural contamination impacts antibiotic resistance gene abundances in river bed sediment temporally] by Rachelle E. Beattie, Michael Walsh, Mercedes Cecilia Cruz, L. Rex McAliley, Laurel Dodgen, Wei Zheng, and Krassimira R. Hristova, ''FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 94'', 2018, page 1</ref>