Editing Jupiter (section)

== In culture ==
{{See also|Jupiter in fiction|Planets in astrology#Jupiter}}
[[File:Jupiter-bonatti.png|thumb|Jupiter, woodcut from a 1550 edition of [[Guido Bonatti]]'s ''Liber Astronomiae''|left]]
The existence of the planet Jupiter has been known since ancient times. It is visible to the naked eye in the night sky and can be seen in the daytime when the Sun is low.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 16, 2005 |title=Stargazers prepare for daylight view of Jupiter |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200506/s1393223.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512163240/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200506/s1393223.htm |archive-date=May 12, 2011 |access-date=February 28, 2008}}</ref> To the [[Babylon]]ians, this planet represented their god [[Marduk]],<ref name="Rogers1998"/> chief of their pantheon from the [[Hammurabi]] period.<ref>{{cite book | last=Waerden | first=B. L. | title=Science Awakening II | chapter=Old-Babylonian Astronomy | date=1974 | pages=46–59 | publisher=Springer | doi=10.1007/978-94-017-2952-9_3 | isbn=978-90-481-8247-3 | publication-place=Dordrecht | chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-94-017-2952-9_3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321164438/https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-94-017-2952-9_3.pdf |archive-date=March 21, 2022 |url-status=live | access-date=March 21, 2022 }}</ref> They used Jupiter's roughly 12-year orbit along the [[ecliptic]] to define the [[constellation]]s of their [[zodiac]].<ref name=Rogers1998>{{cite journal | last=Rogers | first=J. H. | title=Origins of the ancient constellations: I. The Mesopotamian traditions | journal=Journal of the British Astronomical Association | year=1998 | volume=108 | pages=9–28 | bibcode=1998JBAA..108....9R }}</ref>

The [[Greek mythology|mythical Greek]] name for this planet is ''[[Zeus]]'' (Ζεύς), also referred to as ''Dias'' (Δίας), the planetary name of which is retained in modern [[Greek language|Greek]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greek-names.info/greek-names-of-the-planets/ |title=Greek Names of the Planets |access-date=July 14, 2012 |quote=In Greek the name of the planet Jupiter is Dias, the Greek name of god Zeus. |date=April 25, 2010 |archive-date=May 9, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100509164917/http://www.greek-names.info/greek-names-of-the-planets/ |url-status=live }}  See also [[:el:Δίας (πλανήτης)|the Greek article about the planet]].</ref> The ancient Greeks knew the planet as [[Phaethon]] ({{langx|grc|Φαέθων|label=none}}), meaning "shining one" or "blazing star".<ref>{{Cite book |year=1888 |title=Cicero's Tusculan Disputations; also, Treatises on The Nature of the Gods, and on The Commonwealth |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |language=en |translator-last=Yonge |translator-first=Charles Duke |url=https://archive.org/details/cicerostusculand00ciceuoft |publisher=Harper & Brothers |location=New York, NY |page=[https://archive.org/details/cicerostusculand00ciceuoft/page/274 274] |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullus |author-link=Cicero |editor-last=Warmington |editor-first=E. H. |translator-last=Rackham |translator-first=H. |year=1967 |orig-year=1933 |title=De Natura Deorum |trans-title=On The Nature of the Gods |url=https://archive.org/details/denaturadeorumac00ciceuoft |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, MA |series=Cicero |volume=19 |page=[https://archive.org/details/denaturadeorumac00ciceuoft/page/175 175] |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The Greek myths of Zeus from the [[Homer]]ic period showed particular similarities to certain [[Near East|Near-Eastern]] gods, including the Semitic [[El (deity)|El]] and [[Baal]], the Sumerian [[Enlil]], and the Babylonian god Marduk.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Zolotnikova | first=O. | date=2019 | title=Mythologies in contact: Syro-Phoenician traits in Homeric Zeus | journal=The Scientific Heritage | volume=41 | issue=5 | pages=16–24 | url=https://www.academia.edu/41482655 | access-date=April 26, 2022 | archive-date=August 9, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809222951/https://www.academia.edu/41482655 | url-status=live }}</ref> The association between the planet and the Greek deity Zeus was drawn from Near Eastern influences and was fully established by the fourth century BC, as documented in the ''[[Epinomis]]'' of [[Plato]] and his contemporaries.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Tarnas | first=R. | date=2009 | title=The planets | journal=Archai: The Journal of Archetypal Cosmology | volume=1 | issue=1 | pages=36–49 | citeseerx=10.1.1.456.5030 }}</ref>

The god [[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]] is the Roman counterpart of Zeus, and he is the principal [[List of Roman deities|god]] of [[Roman mythology]]. The Romans originally called Jupiter the "star of Jupiter" (''Iuppiter Stella''), as they believed it to be sacred to its namesake god. This name comes from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] [[vocative]] compound *''Dyēu-pəter'' (nominative: *''[[Dyeus|Dyēus]]-pətēr'', meaning "Father Sky-God", or "Father Day-God").<ref name="etymologyonline">{{cite web |last=Harper |first=Douglas |date=November 2001 |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Jupiter |title=Jupiter |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=February 23, 2007 |archive-date=September 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928101056/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Jupiter |url-status=live }}</ref> As the supreme god of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter was the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, and was called the god of light and sky.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Common Attributes Between The Baltic Thunder God Perkunas And His Antique Equivalents Jupiter And Zeus|author=Vytautas Tumėnas|journal=Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry|volume=16|number=4|year=2016|pages=359–367|url=http://tautosmenta.lt/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Tumenas_Vytautas/Tumenas_MAA_16_4_2016.pdf|access-date=July 19, 2023|archive-date=July 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719002118/http://tautosmenta.lt/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Tumenas_Vytautas/Tumenas_MAA_16_4_2016.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

In [[Jyotisha|Vedic astrology]], Hindu astrologers named the planet after [[Brihaspati]], the religious teacher of the gods, and called it "[[Guru]]", which means the "Teacher".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webonautics.com/mythology/guru_jupiter.html |title=Guru |publisher=Indian Divinity.com |access-date=February 14, 2007 |archive-date=September 16, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916192305/http://www.webonautics.com/mythology/guru_jupiter.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title=Astrolatry in the Brahmaputra Valley: Reflecting upon the Navagraha Sculptural Depiction | last1=Sanathana | first1=Y. S. | last2=Manjil | first2=Hazarika | journal=Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology | date=November 27, 2020 | volume=8 | issue=2 | pages=157–174 | url=https://www.academia.edu/download/83171079/Astrolatry_in_the_Brahmaputra_Valley_Reflecting_upon_the_Navagraha_Sculptural_Depiction.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.academia.edu/download/83171079/Astrolatry_in_the_Brahmaputra_Valley_Reflecting_upon_the_Navagraha_Sculptural_Depiction.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live | access-date=July 4, 2022 }}{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In [[Turkic mythology|Central Asian Turkic myths]], Jupiter is called ''Erendiz'' or ''Erentüz'', from ''eren'' (of uncertain meaning) and ''yultuz'' ("star"). The Turks calculated the period of the orbit of Jupiter as 11 years and 300 days. They believed that some social and natural events connected to Erentüz's movements in the sky.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/id/25085903/ |title=Türk Astrolojisi-2 |publisher=[[NTV (Turkey)|NTV]] |language=tr |access-date=April 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104145343/http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/id/25085903/ |archive-date=January 4, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Chinese, Vietnamese, Koreans, and Japanese called it the "wood star" ({{lang-zh|c=木星|p=mùxīng}}), based on the Chinese [[Five elements (Chinese philosophy)|Five Elements]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Jan Jakob Maria |last=De Groot |year=1912 |title=Religion in China: universism. a key to the study of Taoism and Confucianism |series=American lectures on the history of religions |volume=10 |page=300 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAaP7dyjCrAC&pg=PA300 |access-date=January 8, 2010 |archive-date=February 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226150305/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAaP7dyjCrAC&pg=PA300#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Thomas |last=Crump |year=1992 |title=The Japanese numbers game: the use and understanding of numbers in modern Japan |url=https://archive.org/details/japanesenumbersg00crum |url-access=limited |series=Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese studies series |pages=[https://archive.org/details/japanesenumbersg00crum/page/n53 39]–40 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-05609-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Homer Bezaleel |last=Hulbert |year=1909 |title=The passing of Korea |page=[https://archive.org/details/passingkorea01hulbgoog/page/n538 426] |publisher=Doubleday, Page & Company |url=https://archive.org/details/passingkorea01hulbgoog |access-date=January 8, 2010}}</ref> In China, it became known as the "Year-star" (Sui-sing), as Chinese astronomers noted that it jumped one [[Chinese zodiac|zodiac]] constellation each year (with corrections). In some ancient Chinese writings, the years were, in principle, named in correlation with the Jovian zodiac signs.<ref name=Homer/>