Editing James Joyce (section)

===''A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man''===
{{Main|A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man|l1=''A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man''}}
''A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man'', published in 1916, is a shortened rewrite of the novel ''Stephen Hero'', which was abandoned in 1905. It is a ''[[Künstlerroman]]'', a kind of [[coming-of-age novel]] depicting the childhood and adolescence of the protagonist [[Stephen Dedalus]] and his gradual growth into artistic self-consciousness.{{sfn|Rando|2016|p= [https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1074&context=eng_faculty 47]}} It functions both as an autobiographical fiction of the author and a biography of the fictional protagonist.{{sfn|Riquelme|1983|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=ckO8AAAAIAAJ&q=autobiography 51]}} Some hints of the techniques Joyce frequently employed in later works, such as [[stream of consciousness]], [[interior monologue]], and references to a character's psychic reality rather than to his external surroundings, are evident in this novel.{{sfn|Spender|1970|p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycecritic0000demi/page/749 749]}}