Editing Jakarta (section)

==Infrastructure==
To transform the city into a more liveable one, a ten-year ''urban regeneration'' project was undertaken, for Rp 571&nbsp;trillion ($40.5&nbsp;billion). The project aimed to develop infrastructure, including the creation of a better integrated public transit system and the improvement of the city's clean water and wastewater systems, housing, and flood control systems.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/06/21/capital-or-not-jakarta-looks-toward-urban-regeneration.html |title=Capital or not, Jakarta looks toward urban regeneration |newspaper=The Jakarta Post |access-date=21 June 2020 |archive-date=21 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621164407/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/06/21/capital-or-not-jakarta-looks-toward-urban-regeneration.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Transportation===
{{See also|Greater Jakarta Integrated Mass Transit System}}
{{Main category|Roads of Jakarta}}
{{multiple image
| perrow            = 1
| footer            = Various means of public transport in Jakarta; from top up to down: [[KRL Commuterline]], [[Jakarta MRT]], [[Jabodebek LRT]], [[Soekarno–Hatta Airport Rail Link]], [[Jakarta LRT]], and [[Transjakarta]]
| align             = right
| width             = 220
| image1            = Percobaan 205-10 dengan Livery KAI Commuter terbaru Tahun 2020.jpg
| alt1              = KRL
| image2            = Jakarta MRT TS11 leaving Haji Nawi Station.jpg
| alt2              = MRT
| image3            = LRT Jabodebek Bekasi Line.jpg
| alt3              = LRT
| image4            = Perubahan Logo pada Lin Soekarno-Hatta MRI (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = Airport rail link
| image5            = LRT Jakarta - Hyundai Rotem LRV in Boulevard Utara Station.jpg
| alt5              = LRT
| image6            = Transjakarta, MYS-17066, Scania K310IB 6x2*4, March 17th, 2019 (cropped).jpg
| alt6              = BRT
}}
{{Excerpt|Transport in Jakarta}}

===Healthcare===
Jakarta has many of the country's best-equipped private and public [[Healthcare in Indonesia|healthcare facilities]]. In 2012, the Governor of Jakarta [[Joko Widodo]] introduced a [[universal health care]] program, the 'Healthy Jakarta Card' (''Kartu Jakarta Sehat'', KJS).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.development.asia/PDF/issue15/devasia-15-web-4-nov-2013-14-overdue-antidote.pdf |title=Overdue Antidote |publisher=Asian Development Bank |last=McCawley |first=Tom |date=November 2013 |access-date=24 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224102842/http://www.development.asia/PDF/issue15/devasia-15-web-4-nov-2013-14-overdue-antidote.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> In January 2014, the Indonesian government launched a universal health care system called the ''[[Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional]]'' (JKN), which is run by [[BPJS Kesehatan]].{{sfn|Britnell|2015|p=47}} KJS integrated into JKN,<ref>{{cite web |title=Pemprov DKI Jakarta Masuki Tahun ke-4 Integrasikan KJS ke Program JKN-KIS |url=https://www.bpjs-kesehatan.go.id/bpjs/index.php/post/read/2016/424/Jakarta-Provincial-Government-Experience-4th-Year-Program-to-Integrate-KJS-JKN-KIS |publisher=[[BPJS Kesehatan]] |access-date=18 January 2022 |date=29 December 2016 |language=id |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118172826/https://www.bpjs-kesehatan.go.id/bpjs/index.php/post/read/2016/424/Jakarta-Provincial-Government-Experience-4th-Year-Program-to-Integrate-KJS-JKN-KIS |url-status=live }}</ref> and KJS cards were valid till 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Martiyanti |first1=Erna |title=Dinkes Pastikan KJS Masih Tetap Berlaku – Beritajakarta.id |url=https://www.beritajakarta.id/read/54041/dinkes-pastikan-kjs-masih-tetap-berlaku#.Yeb3cPgxVPY |access-date=18 January 2022 |work=Beritajakarta.id/ |date=17 January 2018 |language=id |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118172820/https://www.beritajakarta.id/read/54041/dinkes-pastikan-kjs-masih-tetap-berlaku#.Yeb3cPgxVPY |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2021, 85.55% of the people of Jakarta is covered by JKN.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dihni |first=Vika Azkiya |title=Bukan Jakarta, Penduduk yang Miliki BPJS di Provinsi Ini Terbanyak Se-Indonesia |url=https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/11/25/bukan-jakarta-penduduk-yang-miliki-bpjs-di-provinsi-ini-terbanyak-se-indonesia |access-date=18 January 2022 |work=databoks.katadata.co.id |date=25 November 2021 |language=id |archive-date=26 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126033740/https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/11/25/bukan-jakarta-penduduk-yang-miliki-bpjs-di-provinsi-ini-terbanyak-se-indonesia |url-status=live }}</ref>

Government-run hospitals are of a good standard but are often overcrowded. Government-run specialised hospitals include [[Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital]], [[Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital]], as well as community hospitals and [[puskesmas]]. Other options for healthcare services include private hospitals and clinics. The private healthcare sector has seen significant changes since the government began allowing foreign investment in the private sector in 2010. While some private facilities are run by nonprofit or religious organisations, most are for-profit. Hospital chains such as [[Siloam Hospitals|Siloam]], Pondok Indah Hospital Group, Mayapada, Mitra Keluarga, Medika, Medistra, Ciputra, Radjak Hospital Group, RS Bunda Group, and [[Hermina Hospitals|Hermina]] operate in the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2016/09/27/indonesias-health-care-industry-is-on-the-rise.html |title=Indonesia's health care industry is on the rise |newspaper=The Jakarta Post |access-date=21 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052122/http://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2016/09/27/indonesias-health-care-industry-is-on-the-rise.html |archive-date=22 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2013/10/25/mayapada-hospital-jakarta-selatan-diresmikan |title=Mayapada Hospital Jakarta Selatan Diresmikan |newspaper=Tribun News |access-date=21 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052329/http://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2013/10/25/mayapada-hospital-jakarta-selatan-diresmikan |archive-date=22 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jadwal Dokter|url=https://cloudmedis.com/jadwal-dokter/|website=cloudmedis.com|language=|access-date=6 May 2023}}</ref>

===Water supply===
{{further|Water privatisation in Jakarta}}
Two private companies, PALYJA and Aetra, provide piped water in the western and eastern half of Jakarta respectively under 25-year concession contracts signed in 1998. A public asset holding company called PAM Jaya owns the infrastructure. Eighty per cent of the water distributed in Jakarta comes through the West Tarum Canal system from Jatiluhur reservoir on the [[Citarum River]], {{cvt|70|km|0}} southeast of the city. The water supply was privatised by President Suharto in 1998 to the French company [[Suez Environnement]] and the British company [[Thames Water]] International. Both companies subsequently sold their concessions to Indonesian companies. Customer growth in the first seven years of the concessions had been lower than before, possibly because of substantial inflation-adjusted tariff increases during this period. In 2005, tariffs were frozen, leading private water companies to cut down on investments.

According to PALYJA, the service coverage ratio increased substantially from 34% (1998) to 65% (2010) in the western half of the concession.<ref>{{cite web |title=Key Figures |url=http://en.palyja.co.id/profile/key-figures/ |access-date=20 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426001736/http://en.palyja.co.id/profile/key-figures/ |archive-date=26 April 2012}}</ref> According to data by the Jakarta Water Supply Regulatory Body, access in the eastern half of the city served by PTJ increased from about 57% in 1998 to about 67% in 2004 but stagnated afterward.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Iwan |first=Renalia |title=Ten Years of Public Private Partnership in Jakarta Drinking Water Service (1998–2007): Eastern Jakarta Drinking Water Service by Thames PAM Jaya |date=2008 |url=http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/978 |language=en-NZ |access-date=16 November 2021 |archive-date=16 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116222402/http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/978 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, other sources cite much lower access figures for piped water supply to houses, excluding access provided through public hydrants: one study estimated access as low as 25% in 2005,<ref>{{Cite report |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/disconnected-poverty-water-supply-and-development-jakarta-indonesia |title=Disconnected: Poverty, Water Supply and Development in Jakarta, Indonesia |last1=Bakker |first1=Karen |last2=Kooy |first2=Michelle |date=2006 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme|UNDP]] |publication-date=17 October 2013 |quote=Personal Communication from Kris Tutuko, Technical Director PAM JAYA, Jakarta, Indonesia (was quoted – seems difficult to understand). |last3=Shofiani |first3=Nur Endah |last4=Martijn |first4=Ernst-Jan |access-date=16 November 2021 |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829213725/https://hdr.undp.org/content/disconnected-poverty-water-supply-and-development-jakarta-indonesia |url-status=live }}</ref> while another estimated it to be as low as 18.5% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |last=KRuHA People's coalition for the water rights |title=Poor Water Service, Most of Jakarta People Threatened by E-Coli |url=http://www.kruha.org/page/en/dinamic_detil/50/194/Press_Releases/Poor_Water_Service__Most_of_Jakarta_People_Threatened_by_E_Coli.html |access-date=20 November 2011 |date=7 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426001731/http://www.kruha.org/page/en/dinamic_detil/50/194/Press_Releases/Poor_Water_Service__Most_of_Jakarta_People_Threatened_by_E_Coli.html |archive-date=26 April 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Those without access to piped water get water mostly from wells that are often salty and unsanitary. As of 2017, according to the [[Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (Indonesia)|Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources]], Jakarta had a crisis over clean water.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nababan |first1=Christine Novita |title=Kementerian ESDM: Jakarta Krisis Air Bersih |url=http://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20170610160840-85-220815/kementerian-esdm-jakarta-krisis-air-bersih/ |access-date=13 June 2017 |publisher=CNN Indonesia |date=11 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611040040/http://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20170610160840-85-220815/kementerian-esdm-jakarta-krisis-air-bersih/ |archive-date=11 June 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>