Editing Isle of Man (section)

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of the Isle of Man}}
The [[Manx people|Manx]] are a [[Celtic Nations|Celtic nation]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Minahan |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC |title=One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups |date=31 January 2000 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780313309847 |via=Google Books |access-date=7 May 2020 |archive-date=21 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321014815/http://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC |url-status=live}}</ref>

The culture of the Isle of Man is often promoted as being influenced by its [[Celt]]ic and, to a lesser extent, its [[Norsemen|Norse]] origins. Proximity to the UK, popularity as a UK tourist destination in Victorian times and immigration from Britain have all meant that the cultures of Great Britain have been influential at least since [[Revestment (Isle of Man)|Revestment]]. Revival campaigns have attempted to preserve the surviving vestiges of Manx culture after a long period of [[Anglicisation]], and there has been significantly increased interest in the Manx language, history and musical tradition.

=== Language ===
{{Main|Languages of the Isle of Man}}
{{Infobox ethnonym
 |country=Isle of Man (''Mannin, Ellan Vannin'')
 |person=[[wikt:Manxie#English|Manxie]]; [[wikt:Manxman|Manxman]], [[wikt:Manxwoman|-woman]] (''Manninagh'')
 |people=[[Manx people|Manx]] (''Manninee'')
 |language=[[Manx language|Manx]] (''[[wikt:Manninish|Manninish]]; Gaelg, Gailck;{{indent|5}}Ghlare Vanninagh'')<br />[[British Sign Language|BSL]] (''Glare Chowree'')
}}
[[File:Douglas Isle of Man welcome sign.jpg|thumb|right|A bilingual sign in the Isle of Man featuring [[Manx language|Manx]] and English]]

The official languages of the Isle of Man are [[English language|English]] and [[Manx language|Manx]]. Manx has traditionally been spoken but has been stated to be "critically endangered".<ref name="ManxUNESCO">{{cite web |date=19 August 2009 |title=UNESCO accepts Manx language is not 'extinct' |website=gov.im |url=http://www.gov.im/lib/news/cso/unescoacceptsman.xml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511200853/http://www.gov.im/lib/news/cso/unescoacceptsman.xml |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=20 August 2009 |publisher=Isle of Man Government}}</ref> However, it now has a growing number of young speakers. It is increasingly evident on the island: for instance, in public notices and its increasing use in the Tynwald ceremony.

Manx is a [[Goidelic languages|Goidelic]] Celtic language and is one of a number of [[insular Celtic languages]] spoken in the British Isles.<ref>{{cite web |last=Carpenter |first=Rachel N. |date=2011 |title=Mind Your P's and Q's: Revisiting the Insular Celtic hypothesis through working towards an original phonetic reconstruction of Insular Celtic |url=http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/Linguistics/2011thesis/PDFs/CarpenterBMC.pdf |access-date=17 September 2011 |archive-date=14 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014050617/http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/Linguistics/2011thesis/PDFs/CarpenterBMC.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Manx has been officially recognised as a legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]], ratified by the United Kingdom on 27 March 2001 on behalf of the Isle of Man government.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kelly |first=Phil |title=Manx today by Phil Kelly |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/manx.shtml |access-date=17 September 2011 |website=BBC News |archive-date=11 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811163952/http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/manx.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref>

Manx is closely related to [[Irish language|Irish]] and [[Scottish Gaelic]] but is orthographically [[sui generis]].

On the island, the [[Manx language|Manx]] greetings ''{{lang|gv|moghrey mie}}'' (good morning) and ''{{lang|gv|fastyr mie}}'' (good afternoon) can often be heard.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Davies |first=Alan |title=An Introduction to Applied Linguistics |date=2007 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-3354-8 |edition=2nd The Manx}}</ref> As in Irish and Scottish Gaelic, the concepts of "evening" and "afternoon" are referred to with one word.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manx Culture |url=http://www.visitisleofman.com/culture/ |access-date=17 September 2011 |website=VisitIsleOfMan.com |archive-date=29 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329103039/http://www.visitisleofman.com/culture/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Two other Manx expressions often heard are ''Gura mie eu'' ("Thank you"; familiar 2nd person singular form ''Gura mie ayd'') and ''{{lang|gv|traa dy liooar}}'', meaning "time enough", which represents a stereotypical view of the Manx attitude to life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arthur William |first=Moore |title=The Folk-Lore of the Isle of Man |date=1971 |publisher=Forgotten Books |isbn=1-60506-183-2 |edition=Reprint |page=274}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=8 January 2011 |title=Moscow Manx cheese |url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/education/moscow_manx_cheese_1_2908142?showResult=true&pollContentId=7.52601 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804201941/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/education/moscow_manx_cheese_1_2908142?showResult=true&pollContentId=7.52601 |archive-date=4 August 2012 |access-date=17 September 2011 |website=IOMToday}}</ref>

In the 2011 Isle of Man census, approximately 1,800 residents stated that they could read, write and speak the Manx language.<ref name="census-2011">{{cite web |title=Isle of Man Census Report 2011 |url=https://www.gov.im/media/207882/census2011reportfinalresized_1_.pdf |access-date=19 July 2019 |website=gov.im |publisher=Isle of Man Government |archive-date=6 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606130246/https://www.gov.im/media/207882/census2011reportfinalresized_1_.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Symbols ===
[[File:The Legs of Man - Isle of Man Triskelion - kingsley - 19-APR-09.jpg|right|thumb|A sculpture of the Manx [[triskelion]] in front of [[Isle of Man Airport|Ronaldsway Airport]] terminal]]

For centuries, the island's symbol has been the so-called "three legs of Man" ({{langx|gv|Tree Cassyn Vannin}}), a [[triskelion]] of three legs conjoined at the thigh. The Manx triskelion, which dates back with certainty to the late 13th century, is of uncertain origin. It has been suggested that its origin lies in [[Sicily]], an island which has been associated with the triskelion since ancient times.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Archeologia del Mediterraneo: Studi in onore di Ernesto De Miro |date=2003 |publisher=L'Erma di Bretschneider |isbn=978-88-8265-134-3 |editor-last=Fiorentini |editor-first=Graziella |pages=735–736 |editor-last2=De Miro |editor-first2=Ernesto |editor-last3=Calderone |editor-first3=Anna |editor-last4=Caccamo Caltabiano |editor-first4=Maria}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilson |first=RJA |date=2000 |title=On the Trail of the Triskeles: From the McDonald Institute to Archaic Greek Sicily |journal=[[Cambridge Archaeological Journal]] |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=35–61 |doi=10.1017/S0959774300000020 |s2cid=162858347|issn = 0959-7743}}</ref> The two islands' symbols could be related via the Norman rulers of Sicily: the [[Hauteville family]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.keeping-up.co.uk/Travel/Islands/Islands1.htm | title=Two Islands - Six Legs }}</ref>

The symbol appears in the island's [[Flag of the Isle of Man|official flag]] and [[Coat of arms of the Isle of Man|official coat of arms]], as well as [[currency of the Isle of Man|its currency]]. The Manx triskelion may be reflected in the island's motto, ''Quocunque jeceris stabit'', which appears as part of the island's coat of arms. The Latin motto translates as "whichever way you throw, it will stand"<ref name="kinvig-9192" /> or "whithersoever you throw it, it will stand".<ref name="govmotto">{{cite web |title=Island Facts |url=http://www.gov.im/categories/business-and-industries/iom-key-facts-guide/island-facts/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050532/https://www.gov.im/categories/business-and-industries/iom-key-facts-guide/island-facts/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=15 January 2016 |website=gov.im |publisher=Public Services, Isle of Man Government}}</ref> It dates to the late 17th century when it is known to have appeared on the island's coinage.<ref name="kinvig-9192">{{Cite book |last=Kinvig |first=R.H. |title=The Isle of Man: A social, cultural and political history |date=1975 |publisher=Charles E. Tuttle |isbn=0-8048-1165-2 |location=Rutland, Vermont |pages=91–92}}</ref> It may be understood to refer to the [[caltrop]], a military device with one spike always pointing upwards. The motto itself originally featured on the family badge of the Byzantine/Roman General Flavius Belisarius (505 – 565 AD) along with a representation of a caltrop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IOM Stamps – The Three Legs of Man |date=20 May 2013 |url=https://namanx.org/iom-stamps-the-three-legs-of-man |access-date=16 August 2023 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816142242/https://namanx.org/iom-stamps-the-three-legs-of-man |url-status=live }}</ref> It has also been suggested that the motto originally referred to the poor quality of coinage which was common at the time—as in "however it is tested it will pass".<ref name="manxnotebook-legs">{{cite web |title=The Three Legs of Man |url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/legs.htm |access-date=15 September 2011 |website=Isle-of-Man.com |archive-date=11 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611134019/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/legs.htm |url-status=live}}. This webpage cited: {{Cite journal |last=Wagner |first=A. R. |title=The Origin of the Arms of Man |date=1959–1960 |volume=6 |journal=Manx Museum}}. This webpage also cited: {{Cite journal |last=Megaw |first=B. R. S. |title=The Ship Seals of the Kings of Man |date=1959–1960 |volume=6 |journal=Manx Museum}}</ref>

The ragwort or ''[[cushag]]'' has been referred to as the Manx national flower.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.im/media/402197/cushag_code_july_2013.pdf |title=The Cushag Code: A code of best practice for the management of common ragwort Senecio jacobaea |website=gov.im |publisher=Isle of Man Government |date=July 2013 |access-date=15 July 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415095824/https://www.gov.im/media/402197/cushag_code_july_2013.pdf}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
{{See also|Diocese of Sodor and Man}}
[[File:Peel Cathedral 01.JPG|thumb|right|[[Peel Cathedral]]]]

The predominant religious tradition of the Isle of Man is [[Christianity]], adhered to by 54.7% of the Manx according to the 2021 census.<ref name=2021Census/> At the same time, 43.8% of the population had [[irreligion|no religion]], 0.5% adhered to [[Islam]], 0.5% to [[Buddhism]], 0.4% to [[Hinduism]], 0.2% to [[Judaism]] and 0.2% to other religions.<ref name=2021Census/>

Before the [[Protestant Reformation]], the island had a long history as part of the unified [[Catholic Church]]. In the years following the Reformation, the religious authorities on the island, and later the population of the island, accepted the religious authority of the British monarchy, [[Anglicanism]] and the [[Church of England]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Moore |first=A. |title=Diocesan Histories. Sodor and Mann. |url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/dh1893/index.htm |access-date=24 February 2009 |archive-date=10 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410123532/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/dh1893/index.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> The Isle of Man also came under the influence of Irish religious tradition. The island forms a separate diocese called [[Diocese of Sodor and Man|Sodor and Man]], which in the distant past comprised the medieval kingdom of Man and the Scottish isles ("Suðreyjar" in Old Norse). Nowadays, it consists of sixteen parishes,<ref>{{cite web |last=Gumbley |first=Ken |date=1 March 2012 |title=Diocese of Sodor and Man |url=http://www.gumbley.net/diocese.htm |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=Welcome to Kirk Braddan |archive-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614124455/http://www.gumbley.net/diocese.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> and since 1541<ref>Act of Parliament (1541) 33 Hen.8 c.31</ref> has been part of the [[Province of York]].<ref>{{cite web |date=28 May 2012 |title=England-Sodor & Man |url=http://www.anglicancommunion.org/tour/diocese.cfm?Idind=214 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528223800/http://www.anglicancommunion.org/tour/diocese.cfm?Idind=214 |archive-date=28 May 2012 |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=Anglican Communion}}</ref>

Other Christian denominations and other religions also operate on the Isle of Man. The second largest denomination is the [[Methodist Church of Great Britain|Methodist Church]], whose Isle of Man District is close in numbers to the Anglican diocese. Then, there are eight Catholic parish churches, included in the [[Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool]],<ref>{{cite web |title=The Archdiocese of Liverpool |url=http://www.liverpoolcatholic.org.uk |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=Liverpool Catholic |archive-date=25 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025120855/http://liverpoolcatholic.org.uk/ |url-status=live}}</ref> as well as a presence of [[Eastern Orthodox]] Christians. Additionally, there are five [[Baptist]] churches, four [[Pentecostal]] churches, the [[Salvation Army]], a [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Isle of Man|ward]] of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Isle of Man|the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], two congregations of [[Jehovah's Witnesses]], two [[United Reformed]] churches, as well as other Christian churches.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

The Manx [[Muslim]] community has a mosque in Douglas, while [[Jews]] also have [[history of the Jews in the Isle of Man|a history]] on the island.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 May 2012 |title=Religious Faiths and Organisations |url=http://www.gov.im/IsleOfMan/religion.xml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030608055741/http://www.gov.im/IsleOfMan/religion.xml |archive-date=8 June 2003 |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=gov.im |publisher=Isle of Man Government}}</ref> In 2022, the island's first [[Buddhist]] temple was established in [[Baldrine]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Nettle |first=Gemma |date=12 December 2022 |title=Island's first Buddhist temple now open to the public |url=https://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/islands-first-buddhist-temple-now-open-to-the-public-581996 |website=Isle of Man Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212161102/https://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/islands-first-buddhist-temple-now-open-to-the-public-581996 |archive-date=12 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Myth, legend and folklore ===
[[File:Isle of Man Peel Castle.jpg|right|thumb|[[Peel Castle]]]]
In Manx mythology, the island was ruled by the sea god [[Manannán mac Lir|Manannán]], who would draw his misty cloak around the island to protect it from invaders. One of the principal folk theories about the origin of the name ''Man'' is that it is named after Manannán.

In the Manx tradition of [[folklore]], there are many stories of mythical creatures and characters. These include the {{lang|gv|[[Buggane]]}}, a [[malevolent spirit]] which according to legend, blew the roof off St Trinian's Church in a fit of rage; the {{lang|gv|[[Fenodyree]]}}; the {{lang|gv|[[Glashtyn]]}}; and the {{lang|gv|[[Moddey Dhoo]]}}, a [[black dog (folklore)|ghostly black dog]] which wandered the walls and corridors of [[Peel Castle]].

The Isle of Man is also said to be home to [[mooinjer veggey|fairies]], known locally as "the little folk" or "themselves". There is a famous [[Fairy Bridge (Isle of Man)|Fairy Bridge]], and it is said to be bad luck if one fails to wish the fairies good morning or afternoon when passing over it. It used to be a tradition to leave a coin on the bridge to ensure good luck. Other types of fairies include the {{lang|gv|[[Arkan Sonney]]}}.

An old Irish story tells how [[Lough Neagh]] was formed when Ireland's legendary giant [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]] (commonly anglicised to Finn McCool) ripped up a portion of the land and tossed it at a Scottish rival. He missed and the chunk of earth landed in the [[Irish Sea]], thus creating the island.

Peel Castle has been proposed as a possible location of the Arthurian [[Avalon]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Avalon's Location |url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/avalon.htm |access-date=28 February 2015 |website=Electricscotland.com |archive-date=23 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323023956/http://www.electricscotland.com/history/avalon.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> or as the location of the Grail Castle, site of [[Lancelot]]'s encounter with the sword bridge of King [[Maleagant]].<ref>King Arthur, Norma Lorre Goodrich, Harper and Row, 1989, p. 318</ref>

One of the most oft-repeated myths is that people found guilty of witchcraft were rolled down Slieau Whallian, a hill near St John's, in a barrel. However, this is a 19th-century legend derived from a Scottish legend, which in turn comes from a German legend. Separately, a witchcraft museum was opened at the Witches Mill, Castletown in 1951, despite there never being a witches' coven on that site; the myth was only created with the opening of the museum.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manx witchcraft and sorcery probed by academic – Isle of Man Today |url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/manx-witchcraft-and-sorcery-probed-by-academic-1-1744837 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227154121/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/manx-witchcraft-and-sorcery-probed-by-academic-1-1744837 |archive-date=27 December 2015 |access-date=10 November 2017 |website=Iomtoday.co.im}}</ref> However, there has been a strong tradition of herbalism and the use of charms to prevent and cure illness and disease in people and animals.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nisbet |first1=Robert A |title=Yn Lioar Manninagh: The Journal of the Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society |last2=Rhys |first2=John |date=1897 |publisher=Brown & Sons |volume=3 |location=Douglas |pages=303–314 |chapter=Folk-Medicine in the Isle of Man – A. W. Moore, M. A. |oclc=1110392917 |chapter-url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/iomnhas/lm3p303.htm |access-date=20 June 2019 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225083154/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/iomnhas/lm3p303.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chiverrell |first1=R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yjHHVG_aiOAC&pg=PA353 |title=A New History of the Isle of Man: The modern period 1830–1999 |last2=Belchem |first2=J. |last3=Thomas |first3=G. |last4=Duffy |first4=S. |last5=Mytum |first5=H. |publisher=Liverpool University Press |date=2000 |isbn=978-0-85323-726-6 |page=353 |access-date=15 August 2019 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803113305/https://books.google.com/books?id=yjHHVG_aiOAC&pg=PA353 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Music ===
{{main|Music of the Isle of Man}}

[[File:Bee Gees Plaque - Union Mills IOM - kingsley - 21-APR-09.jpg|right|thumb|[[Bee Gees]] plaque at Maitland Terrace/Strang Road intersection in [[Union Mills]], Isle of Man]]
The music of the Isle of Man reflects [[Celt]]ic, Norse and other influences, including from its neighbours, [[Scotland]], [[Ireland]], [[England]] and [[Wales]]. A wide range of music is performed on the island, such as rock, blues, jazz and pop.

Its traditional folk music has undergone a revival since the 1970s, starting with a music festival called {{lang|gv|[[Yn Chruinnaght]]}} in [[Ramsey, Isle of Man|Ramsey]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Trad music in the Isle of Man |url=http://www.ceolas.org/Regions/Manx-article.html |access-date=28 February 2015 |website=Ceolas.org |archive-date=13 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413002917/http://www.ceolas.org/Regions/Manx-article.html |url-status=live}}</ref> This was part of a general revival of the Manx language and culture after the death of the last native speaker of Manx in 1974.

Orchestral and song composer [[Haydn Wood]] grew up on the Isle of Man, moving there in 1885, aged three years old. The island and its folk tunes inspired Wood's music, resulting in the compositions ''Manx Rhapsody (Mylecharaine), Manx Countryside Sketches, Manx Overture,'' and the 1933 tone poem ''{{lang|gv|Mannin Veen}}'' ([[Manx language|Manx]] for "Dear Isle of Man"), based on four Manx folk tunes and scored for wind band.<ref name=scow>{{Cite web |url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/garlands/Haydnwood.htm |title=The Music of Haydn Wood by Philip Scowcroft |website=Musicweb-international.com |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-date=10 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310032641/http://www.musicweb-international.com/garlands/Haydnwood.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> His older brother Harry Wood (1868–1939) was also a musician: a violinist, composer and conductor who became known as "Manxland's King of Music".<ref>''[https://manxnationalheritage.im/shop/product/the-life-and-times-of-harry-wood/ The Life and Times of Harry Wood, Manxland's King of Music]{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}'', Manxnationalheritage.im, Maurice Powell, 2018</ref>

The Isle of Man is mentioned in the [[The Who|Who]] song "[[Happy Jack (song)|Happy Jack]]" as the homeland of the song's titular character, who is always in a state of ecstasy, no matter what happens to him. The song "The Craic was 90 in the Isle of Man" by [[Christy Moore]] describes a lively visit during the Island's tourism heyday. The Island is also the birthplace of Maurice, Robin and Barry Gibb, of the [[Bee Gees]]; a bronze statue of the trio was unveiled on Douglas promenade in July 2021.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-57769115 |title=Isle of Man Bee Gees statue unveiled on Douglas seafront |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 July 2021 |access-date=20 February 2022 |archive-date=31 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131123745/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-57769115 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Food ===
In the past, the basic national dish of the island was ''spuds and herrin'', boiled potatoes and herring.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Isle of Man Cuisine. Isle of Man Attractions Essentials |url=https://www.isleofman.com/guide/essentials/view |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=www.isleofman.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> This plain dish was supported by the subsistence farmers of the island, who for centuries [[Crofting|crofted]] the land and fished the sea. Chips, cheese and gravy, a dish similar to [[poutine]], is found in most of the island's fast-food outlets. It consists of thick-cut [[French fried potatoes|chips]], covered in shredded [[Cheddar cheese]] and topped with a thick gravy.<ref>{{cite web |last=isleofman.com |title=Attractions :: isleofman.com |url=http://www.isleofman.com/attractions/cuisine/ |access-date=10 November 2017 |website=Isleofman.com |archive-date=26 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226050135/http://www.isleofman.com/attractions/cuisine |url-status=live}}</ref> However, as of the Isle of Man Food & Drink Festival 2018, [[queen scallop]]s (''queenies'') have been crowned the Manx national dish<ref>{{cite web |title=National Dish of the Isle of Man – Locate Isle of Man |url=https://www.locate.im/articles/national-dish-of-the-isle-of-man- |access-date=20 May 2020 |website=locate.im |archive-date=24 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824083028/https://www.locate.im/articles/national-dish-of-the-isle-of-man- |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Queenies crowned Isle of Man's national dish |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-45547406 |website=BBC News |date=17 September 2018 |access-date=19 April 2022 |archive-date=15 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615023410/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-45547406 |url-status=live }}</ref> with many restaurants, hotels and pubs serving local wild queen scallops.

Seafood has traditionally accounted for a large proportion of the local diet. Although commercial fishing has declined in recent years, local delicacies include Manx [[kipper]]s (smoked herrings) which are produced by the smokeries in Peel on the west coast of the island, albeit mainly from [[North Sea]] herring these days.<ref name="Assoc1971">{{Cite journal |date=November 1971 |title=American Motorcyclist |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA22 |journal=American Motorcyclist: The Monthly Journal of the American Motorcyclist Association |publisher=American Motorcyclist Association |page=22 |issn=0277-9358 |access-date=12 September 2011 |archive-date=9 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509180417/http://books.google.com/books?id=ffYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA22 |url-status=live}}</ref> The smokeries also produce other specialities including smoked salmon and bacon.

Crab, lobster and scallops are commercially fished; further, the queen scallop is regarded as a particular delicacy, with a light, sweet flavour.<ref>{{cite web |last=Evans |first=Ann |date=30 May 2009 |title=Scallops the main ingredient of unique gathering for foodies; SUN, sea, sand and shellfish |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Scallops+the+main+ingredient+of+unique+gathering+for+foodies%3B+SUN,...-a0200817093 |access-date=12 September 2011 |website=Coventry Evening Telegraph |publisher=Coventry Newspapers |via=TheFreeLibrary.com |archive-date=25 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025021554/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Scallops+the+main+ingredient+of+unique+gathering+for+foodies%3B+SUN,...-a0200817093 |url-status=live}}</ref> Cod, [[Common ling|ling]] and mackerel are often angled for the table, and freshwater trout and salmon can be taken from the local rivers and lakes, supported by the government fish hatchery at Cornaa on the east coast.

Cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry are all commercially farmed; Manx lamb from the hill farms is a popular dish. The [[Manx Loaghtan|Loaghtan]], the indigenous breed of Manx sheep, has a rich, dark meat that has found favour with chefs,<ref>{{cite web |last=Kallaway |first=Jane |title=Award winning organic lamb |url=http://www.langleychase.co.uk/ |access-date=12 September 2011 |publisher=Langley Chase Organic Farm |archive-date=4 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904024332/http://www.langleychase.co.uk/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Purely Isle of Man |url=http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/iomfinance/factsheets/isleofmanproduce.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012054640/http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/iomfinance/factsheets/isleofmanproduce.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2012 |access-date=12 September 2011 |website=gov.im |publisher=Department of Finance, Isle of Man}}</ref> featuring in dishes on the BBC's ''[[MasterChef (UK TV series)|MasterChef]]'' series.

Manx cheese has also found some success, featuring smoked and herb-flavoured varieties, and is stocked by many of the UK's supermarket chains.<ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title=Isle of Man Oak Smoked Mature Cheddar Wins Bronze Medal at The British Cheese Awards 2010 |url=http://isleofman.isle-news.com/archives/isle-of-man-oak-smoked-mature-cheddar-wins-bronze-medal-at-the-british-cheese-awards-2010/6768/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325175544/http://isleofman.isle-news.com/archives/isle-of-man-oak-smoked-mature-cheddar-wins-bronze-medal-at-the-british-cheese-awards-2010/6768/ |archive-date=25 March 2012 |access-date=12 September 2011 |website=Isle News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=15 October 2003 |title=Bumper Sales for Manx Cheese |url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/bumper_sales_for_manx_cheese_1_1750532 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803063502/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/bumper_sales_for_manx_cheese_1_1750532 |archive-date=3 August 2012 |access-date=12 September 2011 |website=IOMToday}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2007 |title=Success at World Cheese Awards |url=http://www.isleofman.com/News/article.aspx?article=5017 |access-date=12 September 2011 |website=IsleOfMan.com |archive-date=22 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322062013/http://www.isleofman.com/News/article.aspx?article=5017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Manx cheese took bronze medals in the 2005 British Cheese Awards and sold 578 tonnes over the year. Manx cheddar has been exported to Canada where it is available in some supermarkets.<ref>{{cite web |title=PC Black Label English Isle of Man Extra Old Cheddar Cheese |url=http://www.provigo.ca/en_CA/products/productlisting/pc-black-label-isle-of-man-extra-old-cheddar-cheese-aged-14-mont0.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118035745/http://www.provigo.ca/en_CA/products/productlisting/pc-black-label-isle-of-man-extra-old-cheddar-cheese-aged-14-mont0.html |archive-date=18 November 2016 |access-date=17 November 2016 |website=Provigo}}</ref>

Beer is brewed on a commercial scale by [[Okells|Okells Brewery]], which was established in 1850 and is the island's largest brewer. Other breweries include Bushy's Brewery, Hooded Ram, Odin, Radical Brewing, Noa Brewhouse and Kaneens Brewery. The Isle of Man's Pure Beer Act of 1874, which resembles the [[Germany|German]] {{lang|de|[[Reinheitsgebot]]}}, is still in effect: under this Act, brewers may only use water, malt, sugar and hops in their brews.<ref>{{cite web |title=Purely Isle of Man |url=http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/iomfinance/factsheets/isleofmanproduce.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430164916/http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/iomfinance/factsheets/isleofmanproduce.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2013 |access-date=10 June 2015 |website=gov.im |publisher=Isle of Man Government}}</ref>

=== Sport ===
{{Main|Sport in the Isle of Man}}
The Isle of Man is represented as a nation in the [[Commonwealth Games]] and the [[Island Games]] and hosted the IV [[Commonwealth Youth Games]] in 2011. Manx athletes have won [[Isle of Man at the Commonwealth Games|three gold medals]] at the Commonwealth Games, including the one by cyclist [[Mark Cavendish]] in 2006 in the [[Scratch race]]. The [[International Island Games Association|Island Games]] were first held on the island in 1985 and again in 2001. [[F.C. Isle of Man|FC Isle of Man]] was founded in 2019 and is a [[North West Counties Football League|North West Counties League]] team.
[[File:The National Sports Centre (geograph 3710042).jpg|thumb|The National Sports Centre, Douglas, Isle of Man]]
Isle of Man teams and individuals participate in many sports both on and off the island including [[rugby union]], [[association football|football]], [[gymnastics]], [[field hockey]], [[netball]], [[taekwondo]], [[bowling]], obstacle course racing and [[cricket]]. The FC Isle of Man will compete in the [[North West Counties Football League]] Premier Division in the next league campaign.<ref>{{cite web |title=FC Isle of Man promoted after historic play-off final victory |url=https://www.manxradio.com/news/isle-of-man-sport/fc-isle-of-man-promoted-after-historic-play-off-final-victory/ |website=Manx Radio |access-date=19 April 2022 |archive-date=19 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619022827/https://www.manxradio.com/news/isle-of-man-sport/fc-isle-of-man-promoted-after-historic-play-off-final-victory/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It being an island, many types of watersports are also popular with residents.

==== Motorcycle racing ====
{{further|Isle of Man TT}}
The main international event associated with the island is the [[Isle of Man TT|Isle of Man Tourist Trophy]] race, colloquially known as "The TT",<ref>Wright, David. 100 Years of the Isle of Man TT: A Century of Motorcycle Racing. The Crowood Press, 2007</ref> which began in [[1907 Isle of Man TT|1907]]. It takes place in late May and early June. The TT is now an international [[road racing]] event for motorcycles, which used to be part of the World Championship, and is long considered to be one of the "greatest motorcycle sporting events of the world".<ref>Disko, Sasha. The Image of the "Tourist Trophy" and British Motorcycling in the Weimar Republic. International Journal of Motorcycle Studies, Nov 2007</ref> Taking place over a two-week period, it has become a festival for motorcycling culture, makes a huge contribution to the island's economy and has become part of Manx identity.<ref>Vaukins, Simon. The Isle of Man TT Races: Politics, Economics and National Identity. International Journal of Motorcycle Studies, Nov 2007</ref> For many, the Isle carries the title "road racing capital of the world".<ref>Faragher, Martin. "Cultural History: Motor-Cycle Road Racing." A New History of the Isle of Man Volume V: The Modern Period 1830–1999. Ed. John Belchem. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2000</ref>

The [[Manx Grand Prix]] is a separate motorcycle event for amateurs and private entrants that uses the same {{cvt|60.70|km|mi}}<ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title=2009 Manx Grand Prix Supplementary Regulations |url=http://www.manxgrandprix.org/Competitors/MGP%20regulations%2009.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310131221/http://www.manxgrandprix.org/Competitors/MGP%20regulations%2009.pdf |archive-date=10 March 2012 |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=manxgrandprix.org |page=4}}</ref> [[Snaefell Mountain Course]] in late August and early September.

==== Cammag ====
{{Main|Cammag}}
Prior to the introduction of football in the 19th century, [[cammag]] was the island's traditional sport.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Game of Cammag |url=http://www.celticlife.ca/index.php/Sports/the-game-of-cammag.html |access-date=12 September 2011 |website=Celticlife.ca |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029012448/http://celticlife.com/ |url-status=live}}</ref> It is similar to the Irish [[hurling]] and the Scottish game of [[shinty]]. Nowadays there is an annual match at [[St John's, Isle of Man|St John's]].

=== Theatre and cinema ===

Built in 1899, to the designs of architect [[Frank Matcham]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.villagaiety.com/about-us/history/ |title=History |website=villagaiety.com |access-date=26 March 2022 |archive-date=10 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610062006/https://www.villagaiety.com/about-us/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and restored in 1976 to its original splendor, the government-owned [[Gaiety Theatre, Isle of Man|Gaiety Theatre and Opera House]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visitisleofman.com/experience/gaiety-theatre-p1293051 |title=Gaiety Theatre |website=visitisleofman.com |access-date=26 March 2022 |archive-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612072739/https://www.visitisleofman.com/experience/gaiety-theatre-p1293051 |url-status=live }}</ref> on the Douglas Promenade presents plays, musicals, concerts and comedy shows year-round. Within the Gaiety Theatre Complex, the Broadway Cinema has a capacity of 154 and doubles as a conference venue.<ref>{{cite web |title=Broadway Cinema |url=http://www.gov.im/villagaiety/broadway.xml/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306124729/http://www.gov.im/villagaiety/broadway.xml |archive-date=6 March 2013 |access-date=6 March 2013 |website=gov.im |publisher=Isle of Man Government}}</ref>

The Palace Cinema is located next to the derelict [[Castle Mona]] hotel and is operated by the Sefton Group. It has two screens: Screen One holds 293 customers, while Screen Two is smaller with a capacity of just 95. It was extensively refurbished in August 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cinemas Refurbishment |url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/lifestyle/manx-entertainment-news/palace-cinema-reopens-1-3782747/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412224857/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/lifestyle/manx-entertainment-news/palace-cinema-reopens-1-3782747/ |archive-date=12 April 2013 |access-date=6 March 2013 |website=Iomtoday.co.im}}</ref>

=== Fauna ===
{{Main|Manx cat|Manx Loaghtan|Biota of the Isle of Man|Extinct animals from the Isle of Man}}
[[File:Black Manx cat.JPG|Manx cat|thumb|left]]
Two domestic animals are specifically connected to the Isle of Man, though they are also found elsewhere.

The [[Manx cat]] is a breed of cat noted for its genetic mutation resulting in a shortened tail. The length of this tail can range from a few inches{{clarify|date=October 2023}}, known as a "stumpy", to being completely nonexistent, or "rumpy". Manx cats display a range of colours and usually have somewhat longer hind legs compared to most cats. The cats have been used as a symbol of the Isle of Man on coins and stamps; and at one time the Manx government operated a breeding centre to ensure the continuation of the breed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Commings |first=Karen |url=https://archive.org/details/manxcats00kare/page/7 |title=Manx Cats: Everything about Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Grooming, and Behavior |date=1999 |publisher=Barron's Educational |isbn=978-0764107535 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/manxcats00kare/page/7 7–10] |url-access=registration}}</ref>
[[File:Manx loaghtan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Manx Loaghtan]] sheep are bred on the island for their meat.]]
The [[Manx Loaghtan]] sheep is a breed native to the island. It has dark brown wool and four, or sometimes six, horns. The meat is considered to be a delicacy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 November 2009 |title=Farming the Manx Loaghtan sheep |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/isleofman/hi/people_and_places/nature/newsid_8333000/8333801.stm |access-date=15 August 2019 |archive-date=6 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100506065202/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/isleofman/hi/people_and_places/nature/newsid_8333000/8333801.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> There are several flocks on the island and others have been started in England and [[Jersey]].

A more recent arrival on the island is the [[red-necked wallaby]], which is now established on the island following an escape from the Wildlife Park.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 2016 |title=Wallabies flourishing in the wild on Isle of Man |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/aug/14/wallabies-isle-of-man-wild-australia |access-date=10 November 2017 |archive-date=8 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108181734/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/aug/14/wallabies-isle-of-man-wild-australia |url-status=live}}</ref> The local police report an increasing number of wallaby-related calls.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marshall |first=Francesca |date=7 September 2018 |title=Calls for wallaby warning signs to be implemented on the Isle of Man to tackle growing numbers |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/09/07/calls-wallaby-warning-signs-implemented-isle-man-tackle-growing/ |access-date=15 August 2019 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=9 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909222009/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/09/07/calls-wallaby-warning-signs-implemented-isle-man-tackle-growing/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

There are also many feral goats in [[Garff]], a matter which was raised in Tynwald Court in January 2018.<ref>Tynwald Hansard 16 January 2018, Question 9</ref>

In March 2016, the Isle of Man became the first entire territory to be adopted into UNESCO's Network of [[Biosphere Reserve]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morris |first=Hugh |title=Isle of Man awarded UNESCO status |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/isle-of-man/articles/isle-of-man-added-to-unesco-biosphere-reserve-list/ |access-date=28 June 2016 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531184249/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/isle-of-man/articles/isle-of-man-added-to-unesco-biosphere-reserve-list/ |url-status=live}}</ref>