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===Sea=== [[File:2021-11-19 Damaged container ship, MV ZIM KINGSTON - IMO 9389693.jpg|thumb|Damaged container ship, MV Zim Kingston, after losing 109 containers in a fire and subsequent storm.]] About 90% of non-bulk cargo worldwide is transported by container, and the largest container ships can carry over 19,000 TEU. Between 2011 and 2013, an average of 2,683 containers were reported lost at sea.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldshipping.org/industry-issues/safety/Containers_Lost_at_Sea_-_2014_Update_Final_for_Dist.pdf|title=World Shipping Council Containers Lost at Sea 2014 Update|date=2014|access-date=21 December 2016|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108125328/https://www.worldshipping.org/industry-issues/safety/Containers_Lost_at_Sea_-_2014_Update_Final_for_Dist.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other estimates go up to 10,000; of these 10% are expected to contain chemicals toxic to marine life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://phys.org/news/2011-03-scientists-effects-shipping-lost-sea.html|title=Scientists to study effects of shipping containers lost at sea|date=9 March 2011}}</ref> Various systems are used for securing containers on ships.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html?/chb_e/stra/stra_01_03_02.html|title = Container Handbook}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americantrailerrentals.com/shipping-containers-stacked-cargo-ships/|title=How Shipping Containers are Stacked on Cargo Ships β American Trailer Rentals|date=12 August 2019}}</ref> Losses of containers at sea are low.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/containe/sicherung/deck-htm/|title=The securing of containers on deck on a container ship β Transport Informations Service}}</ref>
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