Editing Iconoclasm (section)

=== Other examples ===
[[File:St Helen Gate.jpg|thumb|[[St. Helen's Gate]] in [[Cospicua]], Malta, which had its marble coat of arms defaced during the [[French occupation of Malta]]]]
[[File:King William Statue 1.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[William III of England|William of Orange]] formerly located on [[College Green, Dublin|College Green]], in [[Dublin]]. Erected in 1701, it was destroyed in 1929—one of several memorials installed during [[British rule in Ireland|British rule]] which were destroyed after Ireland became independent.]]
Other examples of political destruction of images include:
* There have been several cases of removing symbols of past rulers in [[Malta]]'s history. Many [[Knights Hospitaller|Hospitaller]] coats of arms on buildings were defaced during the [[French occupation of Malta]] in 1798–1800; a few of these were subsequently replaced by British coats of arms in the early 19th century.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ellul|first=Michael|date=1982|title=Art and Architecture in Malta in the Early Nineteenth Century|url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Proceedings%20of%20History%20Week/PHW%201982/01s.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011202615/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Proceedings%20of%20History%20Week/PHW%201982/01s.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2016|publisher=Melitensia Historica|pages=4–5}}</ref> Some British symbols were also removed by the government after Malta became a republic in 1974. These include [[royal cypher]]s being ground off from post boxes,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Westcott|first1=Kathryn|date=18 January 2013|title=Letter boxes: The red heart of the British streetscape|work=[[BBC]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21057160|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126134728/http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21057160|archive-date=26 November 2016}}</ref> and British coats of arms such as that on the [[Main Guard (Valletta)|Main Guard]] building being temporarily obscured (but not destroyed).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bonello|first1=Giovanni|date=14 January 2018|title=Mysteries of the Main Guard inscription|work=[[Times of Malta]]|url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20180114/life-features/mysteries-of-the-main-guard-inscription.667957|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114164017/https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20180114/life-features/mysteries-of-the-main-guard-inscription.667957|archive-date=14 January 2018}}</ref>
* With the entry of the [[Ottoman Empire]] to the [[First World War]], the [[Ottoman Army]] destroyed the Russian victory monument erected in [[Yeşilköy|San Stefano]] (the modern [[Yeşilköy]] quarter of [[Istanbul]], Turkey) to commemorate the Russian victory in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878]]. The demolition was filmed by former army officer [[Fuat Uzkınay]], producing ''[[Ayastefanos'taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı]]''—the oldest known Turkish-made film.
* In the late 18th century, [[French Revolution|French revolution]]aries known as the ''[[sans-culottes]]'' sacked [[Brussels]]' [[Grand-Place]], destroying statues of nobility and symbols of Christianity.{{sfn|Mardaga|1993|p=121}}{{sfn|Hennaut|2000|p=34–36}} In the 19th century, the place was renovated and many new statues added. In 1911, a marble commemoration for the Spanish freethinker and educator [[Francisco Ferrer]], executed two years earlier and widely considered a martyr, was erected in the Grand-Place. The statue depicted a nude man holding the Torch of Enlightenment. The [[Imperial German]] military, which [[Belgium in the First World War|occupied Belgium during the First World War]], disliked the monument and destroyed it in 1915. It was restored in 1926 by the International Free Thought Movement.<ref>Avrich, Paul (1980). "The Martyrdom of Ferrer". The Modern School Movement: Anarchism and Education in the United States. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 3–33. {{ISBN|978-0-691-04669-3}}. {{OCLC|489692159}}, p. 33.</ref>
* In 1942, the pro-Nazi [[Vichy France|Vichy Government of France]] took down and melted Clothilde Roch's statue of the 16th-century dissident intellectual [[Michael Servetus]], who had been burned at the stake in [[Geneva]] at the instigation of [[John Calvin|Calvin]]. The Vichy authorities disliked the statue, as it was a celebration of freedom of conscience. In 1960, having found the original molds, the municipality of [[Annemasse]] had it recast and returned the statue to its previous place.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Goldstone, Nancy Bazelon|title=Out of the Flames: The Remarkable Story of a Fearless Scholar, a Fatal Heresy, and One of the Rarest Books in the World|author2=Goldstone, Lawrence|publisher=Broadway|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7679-0837-5|location=New York|pages= 313–316}}</ref>
* A sculpture of the head of Spanish intellectual [[Miguel de Unamuno]] by [[Victorio Macho]] was installed in the City Hall of [[Bilbao]], Spain. It was withdrawn in 1936 when Unamuno showed temporary support for the [[Nationalist (Spanish Civil War)|Nationalist]] side. During the Spanish Civil War, it was thrown into [[Estuary of Bilbao|the estuary]]. It was later recovered. In 1984 the head was installed in Plaza Unamuno. In 1999, it was again thrown into the estuary after a political meeting of {{lang|eu|[[Euskal Herritarrok]]}}. It was substituted by a copy in 2000 after the original was located in the water.<ref name="Uriona">{{cite news |last1=Uriona |first1=Alberto |title=El Ayuntamiento de Bilbao restituye a su columna el busto de Unamuno nueve meses después de su robo |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/03/07/paisvasco/952461620_850215.html |access-date=14 November 2022 |work=El País |date=6 March 2000 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Camacho |first1=Isabel |title=La cabeza perdida de don Miguel |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/06/10/paisvasco/929043617_850215.html |access-date=14 November 2022 |work=El País |date=9 June 1999 |language=es}}</ref><ref name="Toledo">{{cite web |title=Victorio Macho y Unamuno: notas para un centenario |url=https://www.realfundaciontoledo.es/gestion/img/noticias/Victorio%20Macho%20y%20Unamuno..pdf |publisher=Real Fundación Toledo |access-date=14 November 2022 |language=es }}</ref>
* The [[Battle of Baghdad (2003)|Battle of Baghdad]] and the regime of [[Saddam Hussein]] symbolically ended with the [[Firdos Square statue destruction]], a U.S. military-staged event on 9 April 2003 where a prominent statue of Saddam Hussein was pulled down. Subsequently, statues and murals of Saddam Hussein all over Iraq were destroyed by US occupation forces as well as Iraqi citizens.<ref>Göttke, Florian. ''Toppled''. Rotterdam: Post Editions, 2010.</ref>
[[File:SaddamStatue.jpg|thumb|[[United States Marines]] [[Firdos Square statue destruction|destroy a statue]] of [[Saddam Hussein]] on Firdos Square, in [[Baghdad]], Iraq, 9 April 2003.]]
* In 2016, paintings from the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, were burned in student protests as symbols of [[colonialism]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Meintjies|first=Ilze-Marie|date=16 February 2016|title=Protesting UCT Students Burn Historic Paintings, Refuse To Leave|publisher=Eyewitness News|url=http://ewn.co.za/2016/02/16/Chaos-erupts-at-UCT}}</ref>
* In November 2019, a [[Statue of Zlatan|statue]] of Swedish footballer [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]] in [[Malmö]], Sweden, was vandalized by [[Malmö FF]] supporters after he announced he had become part-owner of Swedish rivals [[Hammarby Fotboll|Hammarby]]. White paint was sprayed on it; threats and hateful messages towards Zlatan were written on the statue, and it was burned.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|date=12 December 2019|title=Zlatan Ibrahimovic statue: Vandals try to saw through feet|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/50756061|access-date=23 December 2019|via=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Daniels|first=Tim|title=Zlatan Ibrahimovic's Malmo Statue Set on Fire After Becoming Hammarby Part Owner|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2864555-zlatan-ibrahimovics-malmo-statue-set-on-fire-after-becoming-hammarby-part-owner|access-date=23 December 2019|website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> In a second attack the nose was sawed off and the statue was sprinkled with chrome paint.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Erberth|first=Nellie|date=December 22, 2019|title=Zlatans staty vandaliserad igen – näsan avsågad|newspaper=SVT Nyheter|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/skane/zlatans-staty-vandaliserad-igen-nasan-avsagad|via=www.svt.se}}</ref> On 5 January 2020 it was finally toppled.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Wikén|first1=Johan|last2=Erberth|first2=Nellie|date=January 5, 2020|title=Zlatanstatyn vandaliserad igen – avsågad vid fötterna|newspaper=SVT Nyheter|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/skane/zlatanstatyn-vandaliserad-igen|via=www.svt.se}}</ref>
* On 7 June 2020, during the [[George Floyd protests in the United Kingdom|George Floyd protests]],<ref name="cbs_07062020">{{cite news |title=Protesters in England topple statue of slave trader Edward Colston into harbor |date=7 June 2020 |work=CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/george-floyd-protest-edward-colston-statue-thrown-into-bristol-harbor-today-2020-06-07/ |access-date=8 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608061324/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/george-floyd-protest-edward-colston-statue-thrown-into-bristol-harbor-today-2020-06-07/ |archive-date=8 June 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> a [[Statue of Edward Colston|statue]] of merchant and [[Bristol slave trade|trans-Atlantic slave trader]] [[Edward Colston]] in [[Bristol]], UK, was pulled down by demonstrators who then jumped on it.<ref name="theguardiansiddique" /> They daubed it in red and blue paint, and one protester placed his knee on the statue's neck to allude to Floyd's murder by a white policeman who knelt on Floyd's neck for over nine minutes.<ref name="cbs_07062020" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Zaks|first=Dmitry|title=UK slave trader's statue toppled in anti-racism protests|date=8 June 2020|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|agency=Agence France-Presse|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/06/08/uk-slave-traders-statue-toppled-in-anti-racism-protests.html|access-date=8 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608065814/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/06/08/uk-slave-traders-statue-toppled-in-anti-racism-protests.html|archive-date=8 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The statue was then rolled down Anchor Road and pushed into [[Bristol Harbour]].<ref name="theguardiansiddique">{{cite news |first1=Haroon |last1=Siddique |access-date=7 June 2020 |title=BLM protesters topple statue of Bristol slave trader Edward Colston |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/07/blm-protesters-topple-statue-of-bristol-slave-trader-edward-colston |work=The Guardian |date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607160825/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/07/blm-protesters-topple-statue-of-bristol-slave-trader-edward-colston |archive-date=7 June 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="bbc52954305">{{cite news |title=George Floyd death: Protesters tear down slave trader statue |date=7 June 2020 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-52954305 |work=BBC News |access-date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607110402/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-52954305 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="sullivanindependent">{{Cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Rory|date=7 June 2020|title=Black Lives Matter protesters pull down statue of 17th century UK slave trader|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/black-lives-matter-protests-uk-bristol-statue-edward-colston-slavery-a9553266.html|access-date=7 June 2020 |work=The Independent|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607141249/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/black-lives-matter-protests-uk-bristol-statue-edward-colston-slavery-a9553266.html|archive-date=7 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>