Editing History of Liberia (section)

===War===
December 1989, the NPFL invaded Nimba County in Liberia. Thousands of Gio and Mano, along with  Liberians of other ethnic background, joined them. The Liberian army (AFL) counterattacked, and retaliated against the whole population of the region. Mid-1990, a war was raging between Krahn on one side, and Gio and Mano on the other. Thousands of civilians from both sides were massacred.

By the middle of 1990, Taylor controlled much of the country, and by June laid siege to [[Monrovia]]. In July, [[Yormie Johnson]] split off from NPFL and formed the [[Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia]] (INPFL), based around the Gio tribe. Both NPFL and INPFL continued their siege of Monrovia.

In August 1990, the [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS), an organisation of West African states, created a military intervention force called the [[Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group]] (ECOMOG) composed of 4,000 troops, to restore order. President Doe and Yormie Johnson (INPFL) agreed to this intervention, Taylor didn't.
[[File:Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia in Monrovia 1990.png|thumb|300px|[[Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia|INPFL]] militiamen in 1990 after taking control of much of [[Monrovia]].]]
On September 9, President Doe paid a visit to the barely established headquarters of ECOMOG in the Free Port of Monrovia. While he was at the ECOMOG headquarters, he was attacked by INPFL, taken to the INPFL's Caldwell base, tortured, and killed.

In November 1990, ECOWAS agreed with some principal Liberian players, but without Charles Taylor, on an Interim Government of National Unity (IGNU) under President [[Amos Sawyer]]. Sawyer established his authority over most of Monrovia, with the help of a paramilitary police force, the 'Black Berets', under [[Brownie Samukai]], while the rest of the country was in the hands of the various warring factions.

In June 1991, former Liberian army fighters formed a rebel group, the [[United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy]] (ULIMO). They entered western Liberia in September 1991 and gained territories from the NPFL.

[[File:26th MEU secure Freeport of Monrovia 001.jpg|thumb|American troops secure Freeport of Monrovia, 2003]]
In 1993, ECOWAS brokered a peace agreement in [[Cotonou]], Benin. On 22 September 1993, the United Nations established the [[United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia]] (UNOMIL) to support ECOMOG in implementing the Cotonou agreement. In March 1994, the Interim Government of Amos Sawyer was succeeded by a Council of State of six members headed by [[David D. Kpormakpor]]. 

Renewed armed hostilities broke out in 1994 and persisted. During the course of the year, ULIMO split into two militias: ULIMO-J, a Krahn faction led by [[Roosevelt Johnson]], and ULIMO-K, a Mandigo-based faction under [[Alhaji G.V. Kromah]]. Faction leaders agreed to the Akosombo peace agreement in Ghana but with little consequence. In October 1994, the UN reduced its number of UNOMIL observers to about 90 because of the lack of will among combatants to honour peace agreements. In December 1994, the factions and parties signed the Accra agreement, but fighting continued. In August 1995, the factions signed an agreement largely brokered by [[Jerry Rawlings]], Ghanaian President; Charles Taylor agreed. 

In September 1995, [[David D. Kpormakpor|Kpormakpor]]’s ''Council of State'' was succeeded by one under the civilian [[Wilton G. S. Sankawulo]] and with the factional heads Taylor, Alhaji Kromah, and [[George Boley]] in it. In April 1996, followers of Taylor and Kromah assaulted the headquarters of Johnson in Monrovia, and the peace accord collapsed. In August 1996, a new ceasefire was reached in [[Abuja]], Nigeria. On September 3, 1996, [[Ruth Perry]] followed Sankawulo as chairwoman of the Council of State, with the same three militia leaders in it.