Editing History of Cuba (section)

===Break with the United States===
{{Main|United States embargo against Cuba}}
{{See also|Agrarian reforms in Cuba}}
The United States recognized the Castro government on 7 January 1959. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] sent a new ambassador, [[Philip Bonsal]], to replace [[Earl E. T. Smith]], who had been close to Batista.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHWGwG71hzMC&q=%22+The+United+States+recognized+the+Castro+government+on+7+January+1959,+six+days+after+Batista+fled+Cuba.+President+Eisenhower+sent+a+new+ambassador,+Philip+Bonsal,+to+replace+Earl+E.+T.+Smith&pg=PA12|title=Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959-1976|last=Gleijeses|first=Piero|date=2011-03-01|publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-6162-2|language=en}}</ref> The [[Eisenhower administration]], in agreement with the American media<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Eisenhower era (article) {{!}} 1950s America|url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/postwarera/1950s-america/a/the-eisenhower-era|website=Khan Academy|language=en|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> and [[United States Congress|Congress]], did this with the assumption that "Cuba [would] remain in the U.S. sphere of influence". However, Castro belonged to a faction which opposed U.S. influence. On 5 June 1958, at the height of the revolution, he had written: "The Americans are going to pay dearly for what they are doing. When the war is over, I'll start a much longer and bigger war of my own: the war I'm going to fight against them."<ref>Castro to Celia Sanches, 5 June 1958 in Franqui: Diary, p. 338.</ref> "Castro dreamed of a sweeping revolution that would uproot his country's oppressive socioeconomic structure and of a Cuba that would be free of the United States".<ref>
Quotations from "Unofficial Visit of Prime Minister Castro of Cuba to Washington – A Tentative Evaluation", enclosed in Herter to Eisenhower, 23 April 1959, jFRUS 1958–60, 6:483, and Special NIE in: "The Situation in the Caribbean through 1959", 30 June 1959, p. 3, NSA
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Only six months after Castro seized power, the Eisenhower administration began to plot his overthrow. The United Kingdom was persuaded to cancel a sale of [[Hawker Hunter]] [[fighter aircraft]] to Cuba. The US [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] (NSC) met in March 1959 to consider means to institute a régime-change and the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) began arming guerillas inside Cuba in May.<ref name="Chomsky 2003"/> In January 1960 [[Roy R. Rubottom, Jr.]], [[Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs|Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs]], summarized the evolution of [[Cuba–United States relations]] since January 1959: <blockquote>"The period from January to March might be characterized as the honeymoon period of the Castro government. In April a downward trend in US–Cuban relations had been evident… In June we had reached the decision that it was not possible to achieve our objectives with Castro in power and had agreed to undertake the program referred to by Undersecretary of State [[Livingston T. Merchant]]. On 31 October in agreement with the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], the Department had recommended to the President approval of a program along the lines referred to by Mr. Merchant. The approved program authorized us to support elements in Cuba opposed to the Castro government while making Castro's downfall seem to be the result of his own mistakes."<ref>NSC meeting, 14 January 1960, FRUS 1958–60, 6:742–743.</ref><ref>Braddock to SecState, Havana, 1 February 1960, FRUS 1958–60, 6:778.</ref><ref>
Compare:
{{cite book
| last1 = Gleijeses
| first1 = Piero
| year = 2002
| chapter = Castro's Cuba, 1959–1964
| title = Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959–1976
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QHWGwG71hzMC
| series = Envisioning Cuba
| publisher = Univ of North Carolina Press
| publication-date = 2011
| pages = 14–15
| isbn = 9780807861622
| access-date = 2018-02-25
| quote = At an NSC meeting on 14 January 1960, Under Secretary Livingstone Merchant noted that 'our present objective was to adjust all our actions in such a way as to accelerate the development of an opposition in Cuba which would bring about ... a new government favorable to U.S. interests.' He then asked the assistant secretary for inter-American affairs, Roy Rubottom, to summarize the evolution of U.S.-Cuban relations since January 1959: [...] 'The period from January to March might be characterized as the honeymoon period of the Castro government. In April a downward trend in US–Cuban relations had been evident… In June we had reached the decision that it was not possible to achieve our objectives with Castro in power and had agreed to undertake the program referred to by Mr. Merchant. [...] On 31 October, in agreement with the Central Intelligence Agency, the Department had recommended to the President approval of a program along the lines referred to by Mr. Merchant. The approved program authorized us to support elements in Cuba opposed to the Castro government while making Castro's downfall seem to be the result of his own mistakes.'}}</ref>
</blockquote>