Editing Harbin (section)

==Transport==
===Railway===
[[File:Chinese Eastern Railway-en.svg|thumb|Railway system in Northeast China]]
Located at the junction of "T-style" mainline system, Harbin is an important railway hub of the Northeast China Region.<ref name="Harbin Transportation"/> Harbin Railway Bureau is the first Railway Bureau established by People's Republic of China Government, of which the railway density is the highest in China. Five conventional rail lines radiate from Harbin to: [[Jingha Railway|Beijing (Jingha Line)]], [[Binsui Railway|Suifenhe (Binsui Line)]], [[Binzhou Railway|Manzhouli (Binzhou Line)]], [[Binbei Railway|Beian (Binbei Line)]] and [[Labin Railway|Lalin (Labin Line)]]. In addition, Harbin has a [[high-speed rail]] line linking [[Dalian]], Northeast China's southernmost seaport. In 2009, construction began on the new [[Harbin West Railway Station]] with 18 platforms, located on the southwestern part of the city. In December 2012, the station was opened, as China unveiled its [[Harbin–Dalian High-Speed Railway|first high-speed rail]] running through regions with extremely low winter temperatures. with scheduled runs from Harbin to Dalian.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://english.jl.gov.cn/News/GeneralNews/201211/t20121127_1319324.html | work=Website of Jilin Province Government | title=Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail went into operation on December 1 | date=2012-11-27 | access-date=2013-01-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515180906/http://english.jl.gov.cn/News/GeneralNews/201211/t20121127_1319324.html | archive-date=2013-05-15 }}</ref> The weather-proof CRH380B bullet trains serving the line can accommodate temperatures from minus 40 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius above zero.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-10/08/c_131893803.htm | work=[[Xinhuanet]] | title=China tests world's first alpine high-speed rail line | date=2012-10-08 | access-date=2013-01-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121011141/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-10/08/c_131893803.htm | archive-date=2012-11-21 }}</ref>
China's most northerly high-speed railway, [[Harbin–Qiqihar intercity railway|'''Harbin–Qiqihar''']] Intercity Railway, opened for revenue service on 17 August 2015. The rail links three largest principal cities in Heilongjiang including Harbin, Daqing and Qiqihar. [[Harbin–Jiamusi intercity railway|Harbin–Jiamusi]] and [[Harbin–Mudanjiang intercity railway|Harbin–Mudanjiang]] Intercity railways both opened for public service in 2018, connecting the provincial capital to major prefectural level cities Mudanjiang and Jiamusi.

The city's main railway stations are the [[Harbin Railway Station]], which was first built in 1899 and expanded in 1989. The main station is rebuilt in 2017, and now is still under construction; the [[Harbin East Railway Station]], which opened in 1934; and the [[Harbin West Railway Station]], which was built into the city's high-speed railway station in 2012.<ref name="Harbin Transportation">{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.cnto.org.uk/harbin/2007_10_23_17/20071023165944248.htm
 |title       = Harbin Transportation
 |publisher   = China National Tourist Office
 |access-date  = 23 October 2007
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20071102150018/http://www.cnto.org.uk/harbin/2007_10_23_17/20071023165944248.htm
 |archive-date = 2 November 2007
}}</ref> Another main station, [[Harbin North Railway Station]], opened for public service in 2015, along with new built Harbin-Qiqihar Passenger Railway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hlj.gov.cn/zwdt/system/2014/10/24/010690273.shtml |script-title=zh:哈尔滨北站和哈齐客专明年同步使用 |publisher=东北网-黑龙江晨报 |date=2014-10-24 |access-date=2015-06-19 |language=zh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619090442/http://www.hlj.gov.cn/zwdt/system/2014/10/24/010690273.shtml |archive-date=2015-06-19 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Passenger rail transport in China|Direct passenger train service]] is available from Harbin Railway Station to large cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Jinan, Nanjing and many other major cities in China.<ref name="China-briefing.com"/> Direct high-speed railway service began operation between Harbin West and Shanghai Hongqiao stations on 28 December 2013, and shorten the journey time to 12 hours.<ref name="HarbinShanghai">{{cite web
  |url=http://digitalpaper.stdaily.com/http_www.kjrb.com/kjrb/html/2013-12/29/content_240485.htm?div=-1
  |script-title=zh:哈尔滨至上海高铁开通
  |publisher=科技日报
  |access-date=17 May 2014
  |language=zh
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517115756/http://digitalpaper.stdaily.com/http_www.kjrb.com/kjrb/html/2013-12/29/content_240485.htm?div=-1
  |archive-date=17 May 2014
  }}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" height="170px" caption="Harbin railway system">
File:North Terminal of Harbin Railway Station 01.jpg|North terminal of Harbin Railway Station
File:Harbin West Railway Station.jpg|Harbin West Railway Station
File:Harbin East Railway Station.JPG|Harbin East Railway Station
File:哈尔滨南站 - panoramio.jpg|Harbin South Railway Station
File:Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China - panoramio (8).jpg|A CRH High-Speed train enters Harbin West railway station.
</gallery>

===Road===
[[File:哈平路 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Haping road, one of the main municipal roads in the south of Harbin]]
As an important regional hub in Northeast China, Harbin has an advanced highway system. Major highways that pass through or terminate in Harbin include the Beijing–Harbin, Heihe–Dalian, Harbin–Tongjiang, Changchun–Harbin, and Manzhouli–Suifenhe highways.
[[File:Hexing Road in Harbin 03.jpg|thumb|Hexing Road, western part of Harbin's 2nd ring road]]
* [[G1 Beijing–Harbin Expressway]]
* [[G10 Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway]]
* [[G1001 Harbin Ring Expressway]]
* [[G1011 Harbin–Tongjiang Expressway]], a spur of G10 that extends west to [[Tongjiang, Heilongjiang|Tongjiang]], formerly part of [[China National Highway 010]]
* [[G1111 Hegang–Harbin Expressway]], a spur of [[G11 Hegang–Dalian Expressway]]
* [[G1211 Jilin–Heihe Expressway]], a spur of [[G12 Hunchun–Ulanhot Expressway]] that extends north to [[Heihe]]
* [[China National Highway 102]]
* [[China National Highway 202]]
* [[China National Highway 221]]
* [[China National Highway 222]]
* [[File:Edmonton Rd at Kang'an Rd, Harbin (20240501163311).jpg|thumb|Edmonton Rd at Kang'an Rd, Harbin 2024]][[China National Highway 301]]

===Air===
{{Main|Harbin Taiping International Airport}}

[[Harbin Taiping International Airport]], which is {{convert|35|km|0|abbr=off}} away from the urban area of Harbin, is the second largest international airport in Northeast China. The technical level of flight district is 4E, which allows all kinds of large and medium civil aircraft. There are flights to over thirty large cities including [[Beijing]], [[Tianjin]], [[Shanghai]], [[Nanjing]], [[Qingdao]], [[Wenzhou]], [[Xiamen]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Shenzhen]], [[Shenyang]], [[Dalian]], [[Xi'an]] and Hong Kong.<ref name="China-briefing.com"/> In addition there are also scheduled international flights between Harbin and Russia, [[Singapore]], Malaysia and South Korea. In June 2015, The first LCC international air routes to Japan, specifically the city of [[Nagoya]] was to begin.<ref name="Harbin Transportation"/>
Because of the freight capability limitation, construction of the T2 Terminal began on 31 October 2014. The 160,000-square-meter T2 Terminal was scheduled to be finished in 2017, and will increase the freight capacity of the airport to three times of the previous.<ref>{{cite news|author1=周琳|script-title=zh:哈尔滨太平机场扩建主体工程开工 T2航站楼3年内投用|url=http://heilongjiang.dbw.cn/system/2014/11/01/056096079.shtml|access-date=21 November 2014|script-work=zh:生活报|publisher=东北网|language=zh-hans|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129060115/http://heilongjiang.dbw.cn/system/2014/11/01/056096079.shtml|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Harbin is also working on T3 which would be shaped like a snow flake, signifying Harbin as an ice city famous for their annual International Ice & Snow Sculpture Festival which places during the heavy winter season.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Rytis Beresnevicius|title=The Most Futuristic Airport – Harbin Taiping International Airport|url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/23133-harbin-taiping-new-terminal3|date=7 June 2019|access-date=22 November 2022|work=i-mad|publisher=Aerotime Hub }}</ref>

===Metro===
{{Main|Harbin Metro}}
[[File:Exit 3, Taipingqiao Station, Harbin Metro 20130909-B.jpg|thumb|Entrance of Taipingqiao Station of Line 1, Harbin Metro]]
Construction of [[Harbin Metro]] started on 5 December 2006. The total investment for the first phase of Line 1 is RMB5.89&nbsp;billion. Twenty stations were planned to be set on this {{convert|17.73|km|abbr=on}} long line starting from Harbin East Railway Station to the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in the west of the city. A metro depot, a command centre and two transformer substations will be built along the line. Most of the line's route follows the air defence evacuation tunnel left from the "7381" Project, which started in 1973 and ended in 1979. The 7381 project was intended to protect Harbin from the former Soviet Union's possible invasion or nuclear attack.

[[File:巡道工出品 photo by Xundaogong医大二院站厅层 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Yidaeryuan (2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University) Station, interchange station between Line 1 and Line 3]]
The [[Line 1, Harbin Metro|Line 1 of Harbin Metro]] opened on 26 September 2013.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} It is oriented along the east–west axis of the [[urban area]] of Harbin: from north-east (Harbin East Railway Station) to south-west (2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University).<ref name=Xinhua20130926>{{cite news |url=http://society.people.com.cn/n/2013/0926/c1008-23049247.html |script-title=zh:哈尔滨地铁1号线载客试运营正式开通 |date=2013-09-26 |website=people.com.cn |language=zh-cn |access-date=3 January 2014 |archive-date=4 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104013324/http://society.people.com.cn/n/2013/0926/c1008-23049247.html }}</ref> Line 2 and Line 3 are under construction. Line 2 runs from Songbei District to Xiangfang District and ringlike Line 3 runs through Daoli, Daowai, Nangang and Xiangfang Districts of Harbin. On 26 January 2017, Phase I of Line 3 opened for public service. Line 3 links Harbin West Railway Station to Yidaeryuan Station, the transfer station between Line 1 and Line 3.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.eastday.com/eastday/13news/auto/news/china/20170126/u7ai6444923.html |script-title=zh:哈尔滨地铁3号线一期工程通车试运营 迎来"换乘"时代 |work=Northeast News |location=Heilongjiang, China |publisher=DBW.CN |date=26 January 2017 |access-date=25 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925180653/http://news.eastday.com/eastday/13news/auto/news/china/20170126/u7ai6444923.html |archive-date=25 September 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the long term, the city plans to build nine radiating metro lines and a circle line in downtown and some suburban districts, which account for {{convert|340|km|1|abbr=on}} by 2025.<ref name="H340">{{Cite web |url=http://www.harbin.gov.cn/hrbzfw/hrb_today/display.php?id=33290 |script-title=zh:哈埠地铁2013年载客试运行 6月份进行铺轨工程 |author=哈尔滨市人民政府 |date=2011-03-09 |access-date=2014-01-25 |language=zh }}{{Dead link|date=December 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Picture References:
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110707205544/http://hi.baidu.com/lt4mao/blog/item/30e67727a72e5408938f9d64.html "7381" Project, a Civil Defense System in Harbin]
* [http://www.icefestivalharbin.com/article-p66-harbin-metro-map-line-1.html Harbin Metro Map, Line 1]

===Ports and waterways===

There are more than 1,900 rivers in Heilongjiang, including the [[Songhua River]], [[Heilong River]] and [[Wusuli River]], creating a convenient system of waterway transportation. Harbin harbor is one of eight inland ports in China and the largest of its type in Northeast China. Available from mid-April until the beginning of November, passenger ships sail from Harbin up the Songhua River to [[Qiqihar]], or downstream to [[Jiamusi]], [[Tongjiang, Heilongjiang|Tongjiang]], and [[Khabarovsk]] in Russia.<ref name="China-briefing.com"/>