Editing Embryology (section)

===Embryology in the Islamic tradition===

Passing reference to embryological notions also appear in the [[Qur'an]] (22:5), where the development of the embryo proceeds in four stages from drop, to a clinging clot, to a partially developed stage, to a fully developed child.<ref>Joseph Needham, ''A History of Embryology'', Cambridge 1959, pp. 74-82.</ref> The notion of clay turning into flesh is seen by some as analogous to a text by [[Theodoret]] that describes the same process.<ref>Emmanouela Grypeou. "Theodoret von Kyrrhos: Kompendium häretischer Erdichtungen V.9 — Syrien — ca. 450 n.Chr. (Griechisch) — Mekka II — TUK_1235". Corpus Coranicum. [https://corpuscoranicum.de/kontexte/index/sure/23/vers/12 Available].</ref> The four stages of development in the Qur'an are similar to the four stages of embryological development as described by [[Galen]]. In the early 6th century, [[Sergius of Reshaina]] devoted himself to the translation of Greek medical texts into Syriac and became the most important figure in this process. Included in his translations were the relevant embryological texts of Galen. Anurshirvan founded a medical school in the southern Mesopotamian city of [[Gundeshapur]], known as the [[Academy of Gondishapur]], which also acted as a medium for the transmission, reception, and development of notions from Greek medicine. These factors helped the transmission of Greek notions on embryology, such as found in Galen, to enter into the Arabian milieu.<ref>Michael Marx. "Galen von Pergamon (129-199): Galen De Semine I, 8 — Kleinasien und Rom — 2. Jh. n.Chr. (Griechisch) — Mekka II — TUK_0986". Corpus Coranicum. [https://corpuscoranicum.de/kontexte/index/sure/23/vers/13 Available].</ref> Very similar embryonic descriptions also appear in the Syriac [[Jacob of Serugh]]'s letter to the Archdeacon Mar Julian.<ref name="kour" />

Embryological discussions also appear in the Islamic legal tradition.<ref>Ghaly, Mohammed. "Human Embryology in the Islamic Tradition The Jurists of the Post-formative Era in Focus," Islamic Law and Society (2014).</ref>