Editing Duluth, Minnesota (section)

===Attractions===
[[File:Duluth Canal Park Lakewalk.jpg|thumb|left|Duluth [[Canal Park (Duluth)|Canal Park]] Lakewalk]]

[[Canal Park (Duluth)|Canal Park]] is a district with recreation activities, restaurants, cafés, hotels, and shops, especially those dealing in antiques. Formerly a warehouse district, the area converted to a recreation-oriented district following the decline in manufacturing in the 1980s. A {{convert|2.6|mi|km|adj=on}} walking path offers views of Park Point's sand dunes and swimming beaches and the lighthouse pier. The path passes under the Aerial Lift Bridge, a vertical [[lift bridge]] spanning the [[Duluth Ship Canal]] into Duluth's harbor. It was originally an exceedingly rare [[Transporter bridge|aerial transfer bridge]]—a bridge that slides a basketlike "gondola" back and forth to transfer people and vehicles from one side to the other. The wreck of the [[SS Thomas Wilson|''Thomas Wilson'']], a classic early-20th-century [[whaleback]] ore boat, lies underwater less than {{one2a|{{convert|1|mi|km}}}} outside the Duluth harbor ship canal.

The Duluth Lakewalk, expanded and improved beginning in the 1980s, is a seven-mile walking/biking path that begins in Canal Park and follows the lakeshore, crossing through Leif Erikson Park and the Duluth Rose Garden, and ending at the Bayfront Festival Park, an area with a covered pavilion where festivals, concerts, and other events are held.

Duluth is the starting point for the [[North Shore (Lake Superior)|North Shore of Lake Superior]] scenic route that runs from Duluth, at the southwestern end of the lake, to [[Thunder Bay]] and [[Nipigon]] in the north and [[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario|Sault Ste. Marie]] in the east. The route was already a popular tourist destination after 1855 when the Great Lakes lock system first allowed steamboats onto the lake and eastern tourists began to travel onto Lake Superior for recreational purposes. By the mid-1870s, many excursion boats, coastal steamers, and ferries ran along the North Shore, primarily out of Duluth and Thunder Bay. After docking in Duluth, tourists often canoed or were ferried up the North Shore, staying in hunting and fishing camps and later hotels and small cabins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Minnesota's Lake Superior |url=http://www.mnhs.org/places/nationalregister/shipwrecks/mpdf/mpdf1.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218045534/http://www.mnhs.org/places/nationalregister/shipwrecks/mpdf/mpdf1.php |archive-date=February 18, 2020 |access-date=March 16, 2020 |website=Minnesota Historical Society}}</ref>

====Great Lakes Aquarium====
[[File:GreatLakesAquarium.jpg|thumb|right|[[Great Lakes Aquarium]] with lift bridge in background]]

The [[Great Lakes Aquarium]] is in the Duluth Waterfront Park. A freshwater [[public aquarium|aquarium]], it features animals and habitats found in the Great Lakes Basin and other freshwater ecosystems such as the [[Amazon River]]. The aquarium houses 205 different species of fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals. It is one of the few aquariums in the United States to focus on freshwater exhibits.

====Lake Superior Maritime Museum and Visitor Center====
The Great Lakes Maritime Museum and Visitor Center contains historical exhibits, maritime artifacts, and a recreation of a ship's pilot house, cabins, and staterooms with life-size mannequins that speak to the visitors. In the pilot house, children can pretend to command the ship using a ship's steering wheel and other instruments. The exhibits contain artifacts from the many sunken ships in the Duluth harbor; one exhibit tells the story of the {{SS|Edmund Fitzgerald}}, which sank in a November gale after departing from the Duluth Superior port. There is also a small movie theater and a viewing room where visitors can watch the ships arriving in the harbor and find arrival times of the ships that will arrive throughout the day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2015 |title=Lake Superior Maritime Museum and Visitor Center |url=http://www.goduluthmn.com/best-duluth-attractions/maritime-museum/ |access-date=January 18, 2022 |website=Duluth MN.com}}</ref>

====William A. Irvin Ship Museum====
After transporting coal and iron in the Great Lakes for more than 40 years, the {{SS|William A. Irvin}} was docked in Duluth and serves as a preserved example of the shipping history of the Great Lakes. As the [[flagship]] of U.S. Steel's Great Lakes Fleet, she provided what has been called the "comfort and elegance to dignitaries and guests who traveled the Lakes with her" while hauling materials from Two Harbors and Duluth to U.S. Steel's respective mills on Lake Michigan in Ohio and on Lake Erie in Indiana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2019 |title=Vintage Duluth |url=https://dplreference.wordpress.com/2019/04/26/ss-william-a-irvin/ |access-date=January 29, 2022 |website=Duluth Public Library}}</ref>

====Lake Superior Railroad Museum====
[[File:Duluth Depot.jpg|thumb|[[Duluth Depot]]]]
The [[Lake Superior Railroad Museum]] is in the [[Duluth Union Depot]]. It has seven steam, 14 diesel, and two electric locomotives, as well as over 40 other pieces of rolling stock. The collection includes the [[William Crooks (locomotive)|William Crooks]], the first locomotive to operate in the state of Minnesota, and the [[Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway]] Number 227, a [[2-8-8-4|Yellowstone]] locomotive that was among the largest steam engines ever. Only 18 Yellowstones were ever built; Duluth exhibits one of the three that remain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE LOCOMOTIVE WILLIAM CROOKS |url=http://zenithcity.com/archive/historic-industry/the-locomotive-william-crooks/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523181731/http://zenithcity.com/archive/historic-industry/the-locomotive-william-crooks/ |archive-date=May 23, 2018 |access-date=May 30, 2018 |website=Zenith City Online}}</ref>

====North Shore Scenic Railroad====
The [[North Shore Scenic Railroad]] is a [[heritage railway|heritage railroad]] that operates between Duluth and [[Two Harbors, Minnesota]]. It is owned by the Lake Superior Railroad Museum and offers several different types of passenger excursion trains between May 28 and October 15 each year. The railroad was started in 1990, using the Lakefront Line once owned by the [[Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway]].

====Fitger's Brewery====
[[File:Fitger's Brewery Museum 02.jpg|thumb|Copper brew kettle installed in 1901, at the [[Fitger's Brewing Company|Fitger Brewery Museum]]]]

The [[Fitger's Brewing Company|original brewery]] was built in 1857 on a stream that came to be known as Brewery Creek; it was purchased by Michael Fink in 1881 and moved downstream to its present location on Superior Street. [[Fitger Brewing Company|Fink's Lake Superior Brewery]] hired a new [[brewmaster]], August Fitger, a graduate of one of Germany's premier brewing schools, and the brewery was renamed A. Fitger & Co. / Lake Superior Brewery. The brewery then became successful and stayed in operation even through [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]], but closed in 1972 after 115 years of operation, making it Duluth's oldest business. The complex reopened in 1984 and contains a [[Microbrewery|craft brewery]], several restaurants, hotels, shops, and a museum. Fitger's Brewery Complex is listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fitger's |url=http://fitgers.com/fitgers-history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710133750/http://fitgers.com/fitgers-history/ |archive-date=July 10, 2017 |access-date=July 26, 2017}}</ref>

====Glensheen Mansion====
[[File:Glensheen Mansion.jpg|thumb|[[Glensheen Mansion]]]]

The [[Glensheen Historic Estate]], on the shore of Lake Superior, was built as the family home for wealthy businessman [[Chester Adgate Congdon]]. Glensheen sits on {{convert|7.6|acre}} of lakefront property, has 38 rooms, and is built in the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] architectural tradition, inspired by the [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] styles of the era. The building was designed by Minnesota architect [[Clarence H. Johnston Sr.]], with interiors designed by William French. The formal terraced garden and English-style landscape was designed by the [[Charles Wellford Leavitt]] firm of New York. Construction began in 1905 at a cost of $854,000 (about ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|854000|1905}}}} in {{inflation-year|US}} dollars) and was completed in 1908. Aside from its architectural significance, Glensheen is noteworthy for the murders of [[Elisabeth Congdon]] and her nurse on June 27, 1977. The mansion is open to tours year-round.

====Lake Superior Zoo====
The 16-acre [[Lake Superior Zoo]] offers year-round recreational activities and features animals from around the world, including Amur tigers, snow leopards, African lions, brown bears, kangaroos, gray wolves, and a variety of birds, reptiles, primates and barnyard animals. The zoo offers learning programs and regularly features special events.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Superior Zoo - Among Top Duluth, MN, Attractions |url=http://www.lszoo.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530025500/http://www.lszoo.org/ |archive-date=May 30, 2013 |access-date=May 13, 2013}}</ref>

====Enger Tower====
[[File:Enger Tower.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Enger Tower]]]]

[[Enger Tower]] is an {{convert|80|ft|m|adj=on}}, five-story blue stone observation tower atop Enger Hill in Duluth. The tower provides panoramic views of the Twin Ports from lookouts accessible by stairs, and a green beacon is mounted atop the tower.

====Hawk Ridge fall raptor count====
Duluth is in the path of many avian [[flyway]]s and migratory birds that pass over the area in great numbers. [[Hawk Ridge, Duluth|Hawk Ridge]], on [[Skyline Parkway]], is ideal for viewing migratory [[Bird of prey|raptors]]. According to the [[Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]], Hawk Ridge has attracted visitors from all 50 states and 40 countries, from Labor Day through October. Volunteers and licensed bird banders capture raptors in nets and band them while large crowds gather to observe the capture and release.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bird Monitoring Fall & Spring Bird Migration Counts |url=https://www.hawkridge.org/research/bird-monitoring/ |access-date=January 27, 2022 |website=Hawk Ridge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bird Banding |url=https://www.hawkridge.org/research/bird-banding/ |access-date=January 27, 2022 |website=Hawk Ridge}}</ref>

====Gichi-Ode' Akiing====
Just off the Lakewalk is a park named Gichi-Ode' Akiing; the name is Ojibwe for "a grand heart place".<ref>{{Cite news |last=News Tribune |date=May 30, 2019 |title=Ceremony Friday to rename Lake Place Park as Gichi-ode' Akiing |work=Duluth News Tribune |publisher=Duluth News Tribune and Forum Communications Company |url=https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/incoming/1354590-Ceremony-Friday-to-rename-Lake-Place-Park-as-Gichi-ode%E2%80%99-Akiing |url-status=live |access-date=April 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308130812/https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/incoming/1354590-Ceremony-Friday-to-rename-Lake-Place-Park-as-Gichi-ode%E2%80%99-Akiing |archive-date=March 8, 2021}}</ref> The [[Duluth City Council]] approved the name change from Lake Place Park in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kraker, Dan |date=June 1, 2019 |title=Duluth renames city park in the Ojibwe language |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/06/01/duluth-renames-city-park-ojibwe-language |url-status=live |access-date=April 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305200957/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/06/01/duluth-renames-city-park-ojibwe-language |archive-date=March 5, 2020}}</ref> A memorial to [[Kechewaishke]], also known as Chief Buffalo, honors his symbolic petition carried to president [[Millard Fillmore]] in 1849.<ref name="WIHS">{{Cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Symbolic Petition of the Chippewa Chiefs |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Image/IM1871 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927134605/https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Image/IM1871 |archive-date=September 27, 2019 |access-date=April 4, 2020 |publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society}}</ref> Kechewaishke signed the [[Treaty of La Pointe#1854 Treaty of La Pointe|1854 Treaty of La Pointe]] a year before his death, with the provision that {{convert|1|sqmi|km2|spell=in}} of land at the corner of Lake Superior be given to his adopted son [[Benjamin G. Armstrong]].<ref name="Justia">{{Cite web |date=March 2, 1885 |title=Prentice v. Stearns, 113 U.S. 435 (1885) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/113/435/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927020225/https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/113/435/ |archive-date=September 27, 2020 |access-date=April 3, 2020 |publisher=Justia}}</ref> Known as the Buffalo Tract, Armstrong's land comprised part of today's downtown Duluth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gichi-Ode' Akiing (Lake Place Park) |url=https://duluthmn.gov/parks/parks-listing/lake-place-park/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017064059/https://duluthmn.gov/parks/parks-listing/lake-place-park/ |archive-date=October 17, 2020 |access-date=April 3, 2020 |publisher=City of Duluth}}</ref>