Editing Crete (section)

===Venetian rule===
{{Main|Kingdom of Candia}}

[[File:I Creta - Buondelmonti Cristoforo - 1420.jpg|thumb|250px|right|upright|Fifteenth century map by [[Cristoforo Buondelmonti|Buondelmonti]].]]

From 1212, during [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]'s rule, which lasted more than four centuries, a [[Renaissance]] swept through the island as is evident from the artistic works dating to that period. Known as [[The Cretan School]] or [[Post-Byzantine Art]], it is among the last flowerings of the artistic traditions of the fallen empire. This included the painter [[El Greco]] and the writers [[Nicholas Kalliakis]] (1645–1707), [[Georgios Kalafatis (professor)]] ({{circa|1652}}–1720), [[Andreas Musalus]] ({{circa|1665}}–1721) and [[Vitsentzos Kornaros]].<ref>{{Cite book|author1=Tiepolo, Maria Francesca |author2=Tonetti, Eurigio |title=I greci a Venezia| publisher=Istituto veneto di scienze|year=2002|page=201|isbn=978-88-88143-07-1 |quote= Cretese Nikolaos Kalliakis}}</ref><ref name=" Boehm, Eric H. 1995 755 ">{{cite book | author= Boehm, Eric H. |title= Historical abstracts: Modern history abstracts, 1450–1914, Volume 46, Issues 3–4 |publisher= American Bibliographical Center of ABC-Clio |year= 1995 |page=755 |oclc= 701679973 |quote= Between the 15th and 19th centuries the University of Padua attracted a great number of Greek students who wanted to study medicine. They came not only from Venetian dominions (where the percentage reaches 97% of the students of Italian universities) but also from Turkish-occupied territories of Greece. Several professors of the School of Medicine and Philosophy were Greeks, including Giovanni Cottunio, Niccolò Calliachi, Giorgio Calafatti... }}</ref><ref name=" Accademia nazionale dei Lincei 1977 429 ">{{cite book |title=Convegno internazionale nuove idee e nuova arte nell '700 italiano, Roma, 19–23 maggio 1975 |publisher=Accademia nazionale dei Lincei |year=1977 |page=429 |oclc= 4666566 |quote= Nicolò Duodo riuniva alcuni pensatori ai quali Andrea Musalo, oriundo greco, professore di matematica e dilettante di architettura chiariva le nuove idée nella storia dell’arte.}}</ref>

[[File:Bell tower of church Megali Panagia -2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|View of the Old Venetian Town of [[Rethymno]].]]

[[File:Kreta - Iraklion - Venezianische Loggia.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Venetian Loggia, [[Heraklion]].]]

Under the rule of the Catholic [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]], the city of [[Heraklion|Candia]] was reputed to be the best fortified city of the [[Eastern Mediterranean]].<ref name="Greene">M. Greene. 2001. Ruling an island without a navy: A comparative view of Venetian and Ottoman Crete. ''Oriente moderno'', 20(81), 193–207</ref> The three main forts were located at [[Gramvousa]], [[Spinalonga]], and [[Fortezza Castle|Fortezza]] at Rethymnon. Other fortifications include the [[Kazarma fortress]] at Sitia and [[Frangokastello]] in Sfakia.

[[File:Aerial view of the Old Venetian Harbour in Chania, Greece.jpg|thumb|right|250px|View of the Old Venetian Harbour of [[Chania]].]]

In 1492, Jews expelled from Spain settled on the island.<ref>A.J. Schoenfeld. 2007. Immigration and Assimilation in the Jewish Community of Late Venetian Crete (15th–17th centuries). ''Journal of Modern Greek Studies'', 25(1), 1–15</ref> In 1574–77, Crete was under the rule of [[Giacomo Foscarini]] as Proveditor General, Sindace and [[Inquisitor]]. According to Starr's 1942 article, the rule of Giacomo Foscarini was a Dark Age for Jews and Greeks. Under his rule, non-Catholics had to pay high taxes with no allowances. In 1627, there were 800 Jews in the city of Candia, about seven percent of the city's population.<ref>Starr, J. (1942), Jewish Life in Crete Under the Rule of Venice, ''Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research'', Vol. 12, pp. 59–114.</ref> [[Marco Foscarini]] was the Doge of Venice during this time.