Editing Conscientious objector (section)

=== New Zealand ===
In 1916 conscription was introduced in [[New Zealand]], with only [[Quakers]], [[Christadelphians]], and [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventists]] having automatic exemption from the conscription.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Taonga |first=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu |title=Conscientious objection |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/conscription-conscientious-objection-and-pacifism/page-2 |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=teara.govt.nz |language=en}}</ref> During the First World War, between 1,500 and 2,000 objectors and defaulters were convicted, or came under state control, for their opposition to war. At least 64 of these were still at [[Waikeria]] Prison on 5 March 1919 – some of whom had gone on hunger strike in protest.

Also during the First World War fourteen objectors, including [[Archibald Baxter]], were forcibly sent to the front lines and were subject to [[Field punishment|Field Punishment]] No. 1, which "involved being tethered tightly by the wrists to a sloping pole to ensure their bodies hung with their hands taking all their weight."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Field punishment No 1 |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/field-punishment-no-1 |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=nzhistory.govt.nz |language=en}}</ref>

During World War Two, conscription was re-introduced in 1940 and 5000 men applied for an exemption on the grounds of conscientious objection.<ref name=":0" /> Of these, 800 were imprisoned for the length of the war, and were barred from voting for ten years when they were released following the end of the war.<ref name=":0" />

In the contemporary setting, there is no statute or case law which deal with conscientious objection.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=United Nations Human Rights Office |title=New Zealand Law and Conscientious Objection |url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/RuleOfLaw/ConscientiousObjection/New_Zealand.pdf}}</ref> But, the [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|OHCHR]] believes that the [[New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990|Bill of Rights Act 1990]] and the ratification of [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] and the [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]] creates a legal framework which enables conscientious objection.<ref name=":1" />