Editing Colombia (section)

=== Literature ===
{{Main|Colombian literature}}
[[File:Gabriel Garcia Marquez, 2009.jpg|thumb|The [[List of Nobel laureates in Literature|Nobel literature]] prize winner [[Gabriel García Márquez]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1982/marquez-lecture.html|title=Gabriel García Márquez – Nobel Lecture|publisher=nobelprize.org |access-date=12 March 2017}}</ref>]]

Colombian literature dates back to pre-Columbian era; a notable example of the period is the epic poem known as the ''Legend of Yurupary''.<ref name="The Legend of Yurupary">{{cite book|title=Legend of Yurupary|publisher=Cooperativa Editorial Magisterio|isbn=978-958-20-0836-9|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_ADFUglHo0C&pg=PP1}}</ref> In Spanish colonial times, notable writers include [[Juan de Castellanos]] (''[[Elegías de varones ilustres de Indias]]''), Hernando Domínguez Camargo and his epic poem to San Ignacio de Loyola, [[Pedro Simón]] and [[Juan Rodríguez Freyle]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/site/cursodeliteraturacolombiana/unidad-2/los-cronistas |title=Cronistas del Nuevo Reino de Granada |publisher=ihlc.udea.edu.co |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=28 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528073604/https://sites.google.com/site/cursodeliteraturacolombiana/unidad-2/los-cronistas |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Post-independence literature linked to Romanticism highlighted [[Antonio Nariño]], [[José Fernández Madrid]], [[Camilo Torres Tenorio]] and [[Francisco Antonio Zea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biblioteca-virtual-antioquia.udea.edu.co/pdf/8/8_2024432110.pdf |title=Vida, pasión y muerte del romanticismo en Colombia |publisher=biblioteca-virtual-antioquia.udea.edu.co |access-date=31 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024064257/http://biblioteca-virtual-antioquia.udea.edu.co/pdf/8/8_2024432110.pdf |archive-date=24 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ihlc.udea.edu.co/delc/index.php?tema=484&/Romanticismo |title=Romanticismo – Diccionario electrónico de la literatura colombiana |publisher=ihlc.udea.edu.co |date=5 November 2007 |access-date=1 April 2014 |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214043616/https://ihlc.udea.edu.co/delc/index.php?tema=484&/Romanticismo |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the second half of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century the literary genre known as ''[[costumbrismo]]'' became popular; great writers of this period were [[Tomás Carrasquilla]], [[Jorge Isaacs]] and [[Rafael Pombo]] (the latter of whom wrote notable works of children's literature).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biblioteca.org.ar/libros/155763.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.biblioteca.org.ar/libros/155763.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |title=Colombian children's literature|publisher=biblioteca.org.ar |date=12 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ihlc.udea.edu.co/delc/index.php?tema=477&/Costumbrismo |title=Costumbrismo – Diccionario electrónico de la literatura colombiana |publisher=ihlc.udea.edu.co |date=5 November 2007 |access-date=1 April 2014 |archive-date=8 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208045557/https://ihlc.udea.edu.co/delc/index.php?tema=477&/Costumbrismo |url-status=dead }}</ref> Within that period, authors such as [[José Asunción Silva]], [[José Eustasio Rivera]], [[León de Greiff]], [[Porfirio Barba-Jacob]] and [[José María Vargas Vila]] developed the [[Modernismo|modernist]] movement.<ref>{{cite book |title=Literatura y Cultura: narrativa colombiana del siglo XX. Del siglo XIX al siglo XX: debates sobre la cultura nacional |author1=Jaramillo, M.M. |author2=Osorio, B. |author3=Robledo, A. |year=2000 |url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/lablaa/literatura/narrativa/Volumen1CapI.pdf |language=es |access-date=13 March 2017 |archive-date=13 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313044900/http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/lablaa/literatura/narrativa/Volumen1CapI.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Rodríguez-Arenas, F.M. (2006). Bibliografía de la literatura colombiana del siglo XIX: AL. Stockcero, Inc.</ref><ref>Rodríguez-Arenas, F.M. (2006). Bibliografía de la literatura colombiana del siglo XIX: MZ. Stockcero, Inc.</ref> In 1872, Colombia established the [[Colombian Academy of Language]], the first Spanish language academy in the Americas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.colombiaaprende.edu.co/html/home/1592/article-130142.html |title=Colombian Academy of Language |publisher=colombiaaprende.edu.co |language=es |access-date=9 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923205543/http://www.colombiaaprende.edu.co/html/home/1592/article-130142.html |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Candelario Obeso]] wrote the groundbreaking ''Cantos Populares de mi Tierra'' (1877), the first book of poetry by an Afro-Colombian author.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thecitypaperbogota.com/culture/obeso-poet-of-the-magdalena/ |title=Obeso: Poet of the Magdalena |date=6 March 2014 |publisher=thecitypaperbogota.com |access-date=9 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="Candelario Obeso">{{cite book|title="Chambacú, la historia la escribes tú": ensayos sobre cultura afrocolombiana (Candelario Obeso)|author=Lucía Ortiz|publisher=IBEROAMERICANA|isbn=978-84-8489-266-3|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VlfcbtH9EY4C&pg=PP1|pages=47–69|language=es}}</ref>

Between 1939 and 1940 seven books of poetry were published under the name ''[[Stone and Sky (movement)|Stone and Sky]]'' in the city of Bogotá that significantly influenced the country; they were edited by the poet Jorge Rojas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/publicacionesbanrep/boletin/bole69/bolet1a.htm |title=Artículo: Piedra y Cielo a contraluz |publisher=banrepcultural.org |language=es |access-date=18 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106074150/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/publicacionesbanrep/boletin/bole69/bolet1a.htm |archive-date=6 November 2013 }}</ref> In the following decade, [[Gonzalo Arango]] founded the movement of "[[Nadaism|nothingness]]" in response to the violence of the time;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/publicacionesbanrep/boletin/boleti5/bol33/nadais10.htm |title=Gonzalo Arango |publisher=banrepcultural.org |language=es |access-date=18 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119041103/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/publicacionesbanrep/boletin/boleti5/bol33/nadais10.htm |archive-date=19 January 2012 }}</ref> he was influenced by [[nihilism]], [[existentialism]], and the thought of another great Colombian writer: [[Fernando González (writer)|Fernando González Ochoa]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.otraparte.org/fernando-gonzalez/vida/biografia.html |title=Fernando González Ochoa |publisher=otraparte.org |date=12 March 2017 |access-date=13 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513161548/https://www.otraparte.org/fernando-gonzalez/vida/biografia.html |archive-date=13 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the [[Latin American Boom|boom in Latin American literature]], successful writers emerged, led by [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel laureate]] [[Gabriel García Márquez]] and his magnum opus, ''[[One Hundred Years of Solitude]]'', [[Eduardo Caballero Calderón]], [[Manuel Mejía Vallejo]], and [[Álvaro Mutis]], a writer who was awarded the [[Miguel de Cervantes Prize|Cervantes Prize]] and the [[Prince of Asturias Award for Letters]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Literatura y Cultura: narrativa colombiana del siglo XX. La nación moderna y sus sistemas simbólicos |author1=Jaramillo, M. M.|author2=Osorio, B. |author3=Robledo, A.|year=2000|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/lablaa/literatura/narrativa/Volumen1CapII.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/lablaa/literatura/narrativa/Volumen1CapII.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Literatura y Cultura: narrativa colombiana del siglo XX. El discurso de la nación moderna: continuidades y rupturas |author1=Jaramillo, M. M.|author2=Osorio, B. |author3=Robledo, A.|year=2000|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/lablaa/literatura/narrativa/Volumen1CapIII.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/lablaa/literatura/narrativa/Volumen1CapIII.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>