Editing Coal (section)

===Subsidies===
{{See also|Fossil fuel subsidies}}
Subsidies for coal in 2021 have been estimated at {{US$|19 billion}}, not including electricity subsidies, and are expected to rise in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support for fossil fuels almost doubled in 2021, slowing progress toward international climate goals, according to new analysis from OECD and IEA - OECD |url=https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/support-for-fossil-fuels-almost-doubled-in-2021-slowing-progress-toward-international-climate-goals-according-to-new-analysis-from-oecd-and-iea.htm |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=www.oecd.org}}</ref> {{As of|2019}} [[G20]] countries provide at least {{US$|63.9 billion}}<ref name="Gençsü 2019, p. 8"/> of government support per year for the production of coal, including coal-fired power: many subsidies are impossible to quantify<ref name=ClimateTransparency2019>{{Cite web|url=https://www.climate-transparency.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Managing-the-phase-out-of-coal-DIGITAL.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524071757/https://www.climate-transparency.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Managing-the-phase-out-of-coal-DIGITAL.pdf |archive-date=2019-05-24 |url-status=live|title=MANAGING THE PHASE-OUT OF COAL A COMPARISON OF ACTIONS IN G20 COUNTRIES|date=May 2019|website=Climate Transparency}}</ref> but they include {{US$|27.6 billion}} in domestic and international public finance, {{US$|15.4 billion}} in fiscal support, and {{US$|20.9 billion}} in state-owned enterprise (SOE) investments per year.<ref name="Gençsü 2019, p. 8"/> In the EU state aid to new coal-fired plants is banned from 2020, and to existing coal-fired plants from 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Deal reached on EU energy market design, incl end of coal subsidies License: CC0 Creative Commons |url=https://renewablesnow.com/news/deal-reached-on-eu-energy-market-design-incl-end-of-coal-subsidies-637143/ |publisher=Renewables Now |date=19 December 2018}}</ref> As of 2018, government funding for new coal power plants was supplied by [[Exim Bank of China]],<ref name="Urgewald 2018">{{cite web |title=Regional Briefings for the 2018 Coal Plant Developers List |url=https://coalexit.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/Regional%20Briefings%20CPDL_10-04-2018_final.pdf |publisher=Urgewald |access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref> the [[Japan Bank for International Cooperation]] and Indian public sector banks.<ref>{{cite news |title=The World Needs to Quit Coal. Why Is It So Hard? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/24/climate/coal-global-warming.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/24/climate/coal-global-warming.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=24 November 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Energy in Kazakhstan#Coal|Coal in Kazakhstan]] was the main recipient of coal consumption subsidies totalling US$2 billion in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fossil-fuel subsidies|url=https://www.iea.org/weo/energysubsidies/ |publisher=[[International Energy Agency|IEA]] |access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref> [[coal in Turkey#Subsidies|Coal in Turkey]] benefited from substantial subsidies in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkey|url=https://ember-climate.org/global-electricity-review-2021/g20-profiles/turkey/|access-date=2021-10-09|website=Ember|date=28 March 2021|language=en-GB|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027043904/https://ember-climate.org/global-electricity-review-2021/g20-profiles/turkey/|url-status=dead}}</ref>