Editing Cardiac arrest (section)

==Epidemiology==
=== United States ===
The risk of cardiac arrest varies with geographical region, age, and gender. The lifetime risk is three times greater in men (12.3%) than women (4.2%) based on analysis of the [[Framingham Heart Study]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lloyd-Jones DM, Berry JD, Ning H, Cai X, Goldberger JJ |date=2009 |title=Lifetime risk for sudden cardiac death at selected index ages and by risk factor strata and race: cardiovascular lifetime risk pooling project |url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/circ.120.suppl_18.S416-c |journal=Circulation |volume=120 |pages=S416–S417 |doi=10.1161/circ.120.suppl_18.S416-c |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024}}</ref> This gender difference disappeared beyond 85 years of age.<ref name="Zheng-2001-3">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zheng ZJ, Croft JB, Giles WH, Mensah GA |date=October 2001 |title=Sudden cardiac death in the United States, 1989 to 1998 |journal=Circulation |volume=104 |issue=18 |pages=2158–2163 |doi=10.1161/hc4301.098254 |pmid=11684624 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Around half of these individuals are younger than 65 years of age.<ref name="Wang-2017-2">{{Cite book |title=Tintinalli's emergency medicine manual |vauthors=Wang VJ, Joing SA, Fitch MT, Cline DM, John Ma O, Cydulka RK |date=2017-08-28 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education |isbn=9780071837026 |veditors=Cydulka RK |oclc=957505642}}</ref>

Based on death certificates, sudden cardiac death accounts for about 20% of all deaths in the United States.<ref name="Wong-2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wong CX, Brown A, Lau DH, Chugh SS, Albert CM, Kalman JM, Sanders P | title = Epidemiology of Sudden Cardiac Death: Global and Regional Perspectives | language = English | journal = Heart, Lung & Circulation | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 6–14 | date = January 2019 | pmid = 30482683 | doi = 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.08.026 | s2cid = 53744984 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zimmerman DS, Tan HL | title = Epidemiology and risk factors of sudden cardiac arrest | language = en-US | journal = Current Opinion in Critical Care | volume = 27 | issue = 6 | pages = 613–616 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 34629421 | doi = 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000896 | s2cid = 238581415 }}</ref> In the United States, approximately 326,000 cases of out-of-hospital and 209,000 cases of IHCA occur among adults annually, which works out to be an incidence of approximately 110.8 per 100,000 adults per year.<ref name="Kronick-2015" /><ref name="Wang-2017" /><ref name="Wong-2019" />

In the United States, during-pregnancy cardiac arrest occurs in about one in twelve-thousand deliveries or 1.8 per 10,000 live births.<ref name="Lavonas-2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lavonas EJ, Drennan IR, Gabrielli A, Heffner AC, Hoyte CO, Orkin AM, Sawyer KN, Donnino MW | display-authors = 6 | title = Part 10: Special Circumstances of Resuscitation: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care | journal = Circulation | volume = 132 | issue = 18 Suppl 2 | pages = S501–S518 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26472998 | doi = 10.1161/cir.0000000000000264 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Rates are lower in Canada.<ref name="Lavonas-2015" />

=== Other regions ===
Non-Western regions of the world have differing incidences. The incidence of sudden cardiac death in China is 41.8 per 100,000 and in South India is 39.7 per 100,000.<ref name="Wong-2019" />