Editing Beef (section)

==== Mad cow disease ====
{{Main|Bovine spongiform encephalopathy}}
In 1984, the use of [[meat and bone meal]] in cattle feed resulted in the world's first outbreak of [[bovine spongiform encephalopathy]] (BSE or, colloquially, mad cow disease) in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.newscientist.com/channel/health/dn9926-timeline-bse-and-vcjd.html
|title=Timeline: BSE and vCJD
|publisher=NewScientist.com news service
|date=13 December 2004
|access-date=10 August 2007}}</ref>
[[File:Garske_2010_vCJD_UK_trends.png|thumb|Deaths in the UK caused by vCJD from the start of the BSE outbreak up until 2009. MM and MV refer to the two genotypes of vCJD.<ref name="Garske2010">{{cite journal |last1=Garske |first1=Tini |last2=Ghani |first2=Azra C. |date=23 December 2010 |title=Uncertainty in the Tail of the Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Epidemic in the UK |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=5 |issue=12 |pages=e15626 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0015626 |doi-access=free |pmid=21203419 |pmc=3009744 |bibcode=2010PLoSO...515626G }}</ref>]]
Since then, other countries have had outbreaks of BSE:
* In May 2003, after a cow with BSE was discovered in [[Alberta]], Canada, the American border was closed to live Canadian cattle, but was reopened in early 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foodproductiondaily.com/news/ng.asp?id=59810-canadian-beef-industry |title=Canadian beef industry loses patience over border dispute |work=Foodproductiondaily.com |date=4 May 2005|author=Fletcher, Anthony |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref>
* In June 2005, Dr. John Clifford, chief veterinary officer for the [[United States Department of Agriculture]] animal health inspection service, confirmed a fully domestic case of BSE in [[Texas]]. Clifford would not identify the ranch, calling that "privileged information."<ref>{{cite news|last=Mcneil |first=Donald G. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/30/national/30cow.html |title=reported Case of Mad Cow in Texas Is First to Originate in U.S. |work=The New York Times|date=30 June 2005}}</ref> The 12-year-old animal was alive at the time when [[Oprah Winfrey]] raised concerns about cannibalistic feeding practices on her show<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcspotlight.org/media/television/oprah_transcript.html |title=Oprah transcript from recording 15 April 1996 |work=Mcspotlight.org |date=15 April 1996 |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> which aired 16 April 1996.

In 2010, the EU, through the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), proposed a roadmap to gradually lift the restrictions on the feed ban.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/biosafety/tse_bse/dg_sanco_en.htm |title=Food and Feed Safety, TSE/BSE |access-date=27 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305114818/http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/biosafety/tse_bse/dg_sanco_en.htm |archive-date=5 March 2016 }}</ref> In 2013, the ban on feeding mammal-based products to cattle,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32001R0999&qid=1443397425237|title=Regulation No 999/2001|date=22 May 2001|publisher=EU|access-date=28 September 2015}}</ref> was amended to allow for certain milk, fish, eggs, and plant-fed farm animal products to be used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1443397425237&uri=CELEX:32013R0056|title=EU Commission Regulation No 56/2013|date=16 January 2013|publisher=EU Commission|access-date=28 September 2015}}</ref>