Editing Zanzibar (section)

== Transport ==
[[File:Bububu railway train, circa 1905.jpg|thumb|A train operating on the railway between [[Bububu]] and [[Stone Town]] in Zanzibar, circa 1905]]

=== Roads ===
Zanzibar has {{convert|1600|km|miles}} of roads, of which 85 percent are sealed or partly-sealed tarmac. The remainder are gravel roads, which are rehabilitated annually to make them passable throughout the year.{{citation needed|date=October 2012}} Zanzibar  has a Road Fund Board, situated at Maisala which collects funds and disburses to the Ministry of Communication, which is the Road Agency at this time through the Department of Road Maintenance, known as UUB.

The Road Fund Board oversees a Performance Agreement entered between the Ministry of Communication and Infrastructure, while procurement and maintenance are assumed by the latter.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

=== Public transportation ===
[[File:Kilimanjaro V (34686973605).jpg|thumb|Fast ferry services operate several times a day between Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar]]

There is no government-owned public transportation in Zanzibar. The privately owned [[Dala-dala|Daladala]], as it is officially known in Zanzibar, is the only kind of public transportation. The term Daladala originated from the Kiswahili word DALA (Dollar) or five shillings during the 1970s and 1980s when public transport cost five shillings to travel to the nearest town. Therefore, travelling to town will cost a Dollar ("Dala") and returning will again cost a Dollar, hence the term Daladala originated.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mzfn.org/Zanzibar.html |title=MZF {{!}} About Zanzibar|website=www.mzfn.org |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-date=4 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804063514/https://www.mzfn.org/Zanzibar.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Stone Town]] is the main hub for [[Dala dala|Daladalas]] on Zanzibar and nearly all journeys will either start or end here. There are two main Dala Dala stations in Stone Town: Darajani market and Mwanakwerekwe market. The Darajani market terminus serves the North and North East of the island and the Mwanakwerekwe market terminus serves the South and South East. As with most of East African transport, the buses do not run on set schedules – instead departing when full. As there is no fixed schedule, it is not possible to book tickets in advance (with the exception of [http://www.thezanzibus.com The Zanzibus]). There are plans to implement a government-operated bus service on the island, which will bring the ground transportations more in line with the relatively developed water and air transport infrastructure. With Zanzibar visitor numbers set to exceed 1,000,000 annually, there will be increasing pressure on the current transportation network – the bus network will reduce the number of vehicles on the road and help reduce environmental impact of tourism on Zanzibar.

=== Maritime transport ===
==== Ports ====
[[File:Zanzibar Harbour.jpg|thumb|right|Zanzibar Harbour]]
[[File:Fell marine water transport from Zanzibar to Dar es salaam.jpg|thumb|left|''Azam Sealink1'' ferry]]
There are five ports in the islands of Unguja and Pemba, all operated and developed by the Zanzibar Ports Corporation.

The main port at Malindi, which handles 90 percent of Zanzibar's trade, was built in 1925. The port was rehabilitated between 1989 and 1992 with financial assistance from the [[European Union]]. The Italian contractor, [[Impregilo|Salini Impregilo S.p.A.]], was supposed to build wharves that lasted 60 years; however, the wharves lasted only 11 years before crumbling and degenerating because the company deviated from the specifications by using poor quality material.<ref name="Malindi port">{{cite web |last=Yusof |first=Issa |date=17 October 2012 |url=http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/10593-malindi-port-gradually-sinking |title=Malindi Port Gradually Sinking |work=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503004846/http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/10593-malindi-port-gradually-sinking |archive-date=2013-05-03}}</ref> After a long legal battle, the company was required in 2005 by the [[International Court of Arbitration]] to pay Zanzibar US$11.6 million in damages.<ref>Staff (29 November 2008). [http://www.worldcargonews.com/htm/w20081129.879920.htm "Zanzibar (Malindi) Nears Completion"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909035715/http://www.worldcargonews.com/htm/w20081129.879920.htm|date=9 September 2014}}, ''[[World Cargo News]]''. Retrieved 14 September 2013.</ref> The port was again rehabilitated between 2004 and 2009 with a 31 million euro grant from the European Union. The contract was awarded to M/S E. Phil and Sons of Denmark. The then-director of the contractor suggested that the rehabilitation would last a minimum of 50 years. But the port is again facing problems, including sinking.<ref name="Malindi port"/> A new dedicated passenger port is planned to be constructed in Mpigaduri as a [[public–private partnership]].<ref name="Mpigaduri port">{{cite web |title=Zanzibar to build modern passenger port at Mpigaduri |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/zanzibar/zanzibar-to-build-modern-passenger-port-at-mpigaduri-4486870 |website=The Citizen |date=9 January 2024 |publisher=Nation Media Group |access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref>

;Ferry accidents
The MV ''Faith'', which began its final journey at the port of Dar es Salaam, sank in May 2009 shortly before docking at the port of Malindi. Six of the 25 people aboard lost their lives.<ref>Hutson, Terry (30 July 2009). [http://ports.co.za/news/article_2009_07_29_3609.html "Fire Guts Passenger Ferry in Dar es Salaam"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615150606/http://ports.co.za/news/article_2009_07_29_3609.html |date=15 June 2013 }}. Ports & Ships Maritime News. Retrieved 14 September 2013.</ref>

The [[sinking of the MV Spice Islander I]] on 10 September 2011, after departing from [[Unguja]] island for [[Pemba Island]], was the worst disaster in Tanzanian history. In a report to the [[Zanzibar House of Representatives]] on 14 October 2011, Zanzibar's [[Vice President of Zanzibar|Second Vice President]], Ambassador [[Seif Ali Iddi]], said that 2,764 people were missing, 203 bodies had been recovered, and 619 passengers were rescued. It was the worst maritime disaster in Tanzanian history.<ref>Sadallah, Mwinyi (16 October 2011). [http://ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=34437 "Confirmed: 2,900 People Died in Zanzibar's Ferry Tragedy"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112035114/http://ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=34437|date=12 January 2016}}. [[IPP Media]]. Retrieved 14 September 2013.</ref> A presidential commission, however, reported three months later that 1,370 people were missing, 203 bodies had been recovered, and 941 passengers survived. Severe overloading caused the ferry to sink.<ref>Sadallah, Mwinyi (21 January 2012). [http://www.ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=37681 "Nine Charged over MV ''Spice Islander'' Sinking"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622202429/http://www.ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=37681|date=22 June 2013}}, [[IPP Media]]. Retrieved 14 September 2013.</ref>
[[File:Abeid Amani Karume International Airport, 2013.jpg|thumb|right|Zanzibar Airport Terminal I]]

The [[MV Skagit|MV ''Skagit'']], which began its final journey at the port of Dar es Salaam, capsized in rough seas near [[Chumbe Island|Chumbe island]] on 18 July 2012. The ferry had 447 passengers, with 81 dead, 212 missing and presumed drowned, and 154 rescued. The ferry left port despite warnings from the Tanzania Meteorological Agency for ships not to attempt the crossing from Dar es Salaam to [[Unguja]] island because of the rough seas. A presidential commission reported in October 2012 that overloading was the cause of the disaster.<ref>Staff (19 July 2012). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18899397 "Zanzibar Ferry Disaster: Hopes Fade for Missing"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120062007/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18899397 |date=20 November 2018 }}. [[BBC News]]. Retrieved 14 September 2013.</ref><ref>Yussuf, Issa (12 October 2012). [http://allafrica.com/stories/201210120139.html "Tanzania: Overloading Blamed for Ill-Fated Boat"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072638/http://allafrica.com/stories/201210120139.html |date=6 October 2014 }}. ''[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]'' (via [[AllAfrica.com]]). Retrieved 14 September 2013.</ref>

=== Airport ===
Zanzibar's main airport, [[Abeid Amani Karume International Airport]], has been able to handle large passenger planes since 2011, which has resulted in an increase in passenger and cargo inflows and outflows. Since another increase in capacity by the end of 2013, it can serve up to 1.5 million passengers per year.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.businesstimes.co.tz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1121:zanzibar-forms-airports-authority-modernises-aviation-infrastructure&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=57 |title=Zanzibar forms Airports Authority, modernises aviation infrastructure |publisher=Business Times (Tanzania) |access-date=17 January 2013 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101215243/http://www.businesstimes.co.tz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1121:zanzibar-forms-airports-authority-modernises-aviation-infrastructure&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=57 |url-status=live }}</ref> The island can be reached by flights operated by [[Air France]], [[Auric Air]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.auricair.com/Destination/zanzibar-Island |title=Daily Flights to Zanzibar |access-date=5 June 2021 |publisher=AuricAir Services Ltd |archive-date=5 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605182504/https://www.auricair.com/Destination/zanzibar-Island |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Air Tanzania]], [[Coastal Aviation]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://coastal.co.tz/where-we-fly/zanzibar/ |title=Zanzibar |publisher=Coastal Aviation Limited |access-date=5 June 2021 |archive-date=14 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614082453/https://coastal.co.tz/where-we-fly/zanzibar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ethiopian Airlines]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ethiopianairlines.com/aa/book/network/international |title=International [Flight Network] |publisher=Ethiopian Airlines |access-date=5 June 2021 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415134232/https://www.ethiopianairlines.com/aa/book/network/international |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Kenya Airways]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kenya-airways.com/plan-and-book/destinations/africa/en/ |title=Book Cheap Flights to Africa |publisher=Kenya Airways |access-date=5 June 2021 |archive-date=5 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605182503/https://www.kenya-airways.com/plan-and-book/destinations/africa/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[FlyDubai]], [[Qatar Airways]], [[Turkish Airlines]] and others.