Editing Torah (section)

==In other religions==

===Samaritanism===
[[File:Gerizim_Samaritan_Torah_IMG_2118.JPG|thumb|[[Samaritan Torah|Samaritan Torah scrolls]], Mount Gerizim Samaritan synagogue, at [[Mount Gerizim]].]]
{{see also|Samaritan Pentateuch}}

The '''Samaritan Torah''' ({{script|Samr|‮ࠕࠫ‎‬ࠅࠓࠡࠄ‎}}, {{Transliteration|smp|Tōrāʾ}}), also called the ''Samaritan Pentateuch'', is the scripture of [[Samaritanism]], which is slightly different from the Torah of [[Judaism]]. The ''Samaritan Pentateuch'' was written in the [[Samaritan script]], a direct descendant of the [[Paleo-Hebrew alphabet]] that emerged around 600 BCE. Some 6,000 differences exist between the Samaritan and [[Masoretic Text|Jewish Masoretic Text]], most of which are minor spelling and [[Grammatical construction|grammar]] variations, while others involve significant [[semantic]] changes, such as the uniquely Samaritan commandment to construct an altar on [[Mount Gerizim]].<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Society of Biblical Literature|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt32bzhn|title=The Samaritan Pentateuch: an introduction to its origin, history, and significance for Biblical studies|last1=Giles|first1=Terry|last2=T. Anderson|first2=Robert|series=Resources for Biblical Study|year=2012|doi=10.2307/j.ctt32bzhn |jstor=j.ctt32bzhn |isbn=978-1-58983-699-0 }}</ref> Nearly 2,000 textual variations are found to be consistent with the [[Koine Greek]]<ref>The common supra-regional form of Greek used during the [[Hellenistic period]], the eras of the [[Roman Empire]] and early [[Byzantine Empire]].</ref> [[Septuagint]], some with the [[Vulgate|Latin Vulgate]].<ref>A late-4th-century [[Bible translations into Latin|Latin translation]] of the [[Bible#Christian Bible|Bible]].</ref> It is reported that Samaritans translated their Pentateuch into [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]], Greek and [[Arabic]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author-last=Florentin |author-first=Moshe |year=2013 |title=Samaritan Pentateuch |editor1-last=Khan |editor1-first=Geoffrey |editor1-link=Geoffrey Khan |editor2-last=Bolozky |editor2-first=Shmuel |editor3-last=Fassberg |editor3-first=Steven |editor4-last=Rendsburg |editor4-first=Gary A. |editor4-link=Gary A. Rendsburg |editor5-last=Rubin |editor5-first=Aaron D. |editor5-link=Aaron D. Rubin |editor6-last=Schwarzwald |editor6-first=Ora R. |editor7-last=Zewi |editor7-first=Tamar |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics |location=[[Leiden]] and [[Boston]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |doi=10.1163/2212-4241_ehll_EHLL_COM_00000282 |isbn=978-90-04-17642-3}}</ref>

===Christianity===
{{See also|Biblical law in Christianity|Development of the Old Testament canon}}

Although different [[Christian denomination]]s have slightly different versions of the [[Old Testament]] in their Bibles, the Torah as the "Five Books of Moses" (or "the [[Mosaic Law]]") is common among them all.

===Islam===
{{See also|Torah in Islam|Islamic–Jewish relations}}

[[Islam]] states that the Torah was sent by God. The "[[Tawrat]]" ({{langx|ar|توراة}}) is the Arabic name for the Torah within its context as an [[Islamic]] holy book believed by [[Muslims]] to be given by God to Prophets among the Children of Israel, and often refers to the entire Hebrew Bible.{{sfn|Lang|2015|p=98}} According to the Quran, [[God in Islam|God]] says, "It is He Who has sent down the Book (the Quran) to you with truth, confirming what came before it. And He sent down the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)." ([[Q3:3]]) However, the Muslims believe that this original revelation was corrupted (''[[tahrif]]'') (or simply altered by the passage of time and human fallibility) over time by Jewish scribes.<ref>[http://www.ahmed-deedat.co.za/bible/07.html Is the Bible God's Word] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513034243/http://www.ahmed-deedat.co.za/bible/07.html |date=2008-05-13 }} by Sheikh Ahmed Deedat</ref> The Torah in the Quran is always mentioned with respect in Islam. The Muslims' belief in the Torah, as well as the prophethood of Moses, is one of the [[six articles of belief|fundamental tenets]] of Islam.

The Islamic methodology of {{Transliteration|ar|tafsir al-Qur'an bi-l-Kitab}} ({{langx|ar|تفسير القرآن بالكتاب}}) refers to interpreting the Qur'an with/through the Bible.{{sfn|McCoy|2021}} This approach adopts canonical [[Bible translations into Arabic|Arabic versions of the Bible]], including the Torah, both to illuminate and to add exegetical depth to the reading of the Qur'an. Notable Muslim {{Transliteration|ar|mufassirun}} (commentators) of the Bible and Qur'an who weaved from the Torah together with Qur'anic ones include Abu al-Hakam Abd al-Salam bin al-Isbili of [[Al-Andalus]] and [[Ibrahim ibn Umar al-Biqa'i|Ibrahim bin Umar bin Hasan al-Biqa'i]].{{sfn|McCoy|2021}}