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=== Academic assessment === In 1995, the book ''Women on Ice: Feminist Essays on the Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan Spectacle'' was published, containing numerous essays analyzing Harding's public image.{{sfn|Baughman|2013|pages=iβv}} For example, Abigail Feder wrote that there existed "[[Overdetermination|overdetermined]] [[femininity]] in Ladies' Figure Skating...femininity and [[Women's sports|athleticism]] are mutually exclusive concepts in [[Culture of the United States|American culture]]."<ref>{{cite book|first=Abigail M.|last=Feder|editor-first=Cynthia|editor-last=Baughman|date=1995|page=22|title=Women On Ice: Feminist Responses to the Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan Spectacle|chapter=A Radiant Smile from the Lovely Lady β Overdetermined Femininity in 'Ladies' Figure Skating|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=Abingdon, England|isbn=9781135770686|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CemzAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT37|chapter-url-access=subscription|access-date=September 19, 2019}}</ref> Sam Stoloff wrote that, during the scandal, the media placed more emphasis on Harding's [[Working class in the United States|class]] than her gender. He noted how she was subjected to a "litany of vaguely [[pejorative]] or mocking expressions" associated with "low class" cultural attributes, sometimes due to Harding's personal interests and hobbies. Stoloff theorized that Harding represented an American social class that required interpretation ("the class [[Other (philosophy)|Other]]") as he referenced the [[Anthropology|anthropological]] tone of [[Susan Orlean]]'s 1994 essay "Figures in a Mall", written for ''[[The New Yorker]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Stoloff|first=Sam|editor1-last=Birrell|editor1-first=Susan|editor2-last=McDonald|editor2-first=Mary G.|year=2000|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781555534295/page/234 234]β250|title=Reading Sport: Critical Essays on Power and Representation|orig-year=1995|chapter=Tonya Harding, Nancy Kerrigan, & the Bodily Figuration of Social Class|url-access=subscription|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781555534295|oclc=43036842|isbn=1555534309|publisher=Northeastern University Press|location=Boston, Massachusetts|access-date=August 17, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Orlean" /> In writer [[Sarah Marshall (writer)|Sarah Marshall]]'s 2014 essay entitled "Remote Control: Tonya Harding, Nancy Kerrigan, and the Spectacles of Female Power and Pain", she noted the pervasive role of the media in the 1994 scandal: "Somehow, in the scandal's aftermath, the form of the Tonya-bash was able to alchemize even the most chilling details of Tonya's life into tabloid gold." Marshall also examined the role of Harding's "[[tomboy]]" persona in the context of figure skating. She theorized that Harding was rejected by the figure skating [[ethos]] because she did not conform β as Marshall believed many figure skaters, including Nancy Kerrigan, did β to appearing as "beautiful without being sexual, strong without being intimidating, and vulnerable without being weak."<ref name= believermag.com>{{cite magazine |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://believermag.com/remote-control/ |title=Remote Control: Tonya Harding, Nancy Kerrigan, and the Spectacles of Female Power & Pain |magazine=[[The Believer (magazine)|The Believer]] |date=January 1, 2014 |access-date=December 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805052053/https://believermag.com/remote-control/ |archive-date=August 5, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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