Editing Timeline of historic inventions (section)

====13th century====
{{see also|13th century#Inventions, discoveries, introductions}}
* '''13th century:''' [[Rocket]] for military and recreational uses date back to at least 13th-century China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solarviews.com/eng/rocket.htm|title=A Brief History of Rocketry |publisher=Solarviews.com |access-date=14 June 2012}}</ref>
* '''13th century:''' The earliest form of [[mechanical escapement]], the [[verge escapement]] in [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/timeinhistoryevo00whit|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/timeinhistoryevo00whit/page/104 104]|title=Time in History: Views of Time from Prehistory to the Present Day|first=G. J.|last=Whitrow|date=26 March 1989|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=26 March 2018|via=Internet Archive|isbn=9780192852113}}</ref>
* '''13th century:''' [[Button]]s (combined with buttonholes) as a functional fastening for closing clothes appear first in [[Germany]].<ref>Lynn White: "The Act of Invention: Causes, Contexts, Continuities and Consequences", ''Technology and Culture'', Vol. 3, No. 4 (Autumn, 1962), pp. 486–500 (497f. & 500)</ref>
* '''13th century:''' [[Bomb|Explosive bomb]] in [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] Manchuria: Explosive bombs are used in 1221 by the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] against a [[Song dynasty]] city.<ref name="Connolly">{{cite book |author=Peter Connolly |url=https://archive.org/details/hutchinsondictio0000benn/page/356 |title=The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Warfare |date=1 November 1998 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-57958-116-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/hutchinsondictio0000benn/page/356 356]}}</ref> The first accounts of bombs made of cast iron shells packed with explosive gunpowder are documented in the 13th century in China and are called "thunder-crash bombs",<ref>Needham (1986), Volume 5, Part 7, 170–174.</ref> coined during a [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] naval battle in 1231.<ref name="needham volume 5 part 7 171">Needham (1986), Volume 5, Part 7, 171.</ref>
* '''13th century:''' [[Hand cannon]] in [[Yuan dynasty]] China: The earliest hand cannon dates to the 13th century based on archaeological evidence from a [[Heilongjiang]] excavation. There is also written evidence in the ''Yuanshi'' (1370) on Li Tang, an [[Jurchens|ethnic Jurchen]] commander under the Yuan dynasty who in 1288 suppresses the rebellion of the Christian prince Nayan with his "gun-soldiers" or ''chongzu'', this being the earliest known event where this phrase is used.<ref>Needham (1986), Volume 5, Part 7, 293–294.</ref>
* '''13th century:''' Earliest documented [[snow goggles]], a type of sunglasses, made of flattened walrus or caribou ivory are used by the Inuit peoples in the arctic regions of North America.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collections.civilisations.ca/public/pages/cmccpublic/alt-emupublic/Display.php?irn=855927|title=Prehistoric Inuit Snow-Goggles, circa 1200|access-date=2009-01-25|publisher=[[Canadian Museum of Civilization]] | date=1997-10-03|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706173656/http://collections.civilisations.ca/public/pages/cmccpublic/alt-emupublic/Display.php?irn=855927|archive-date=2011-07-06}}<br />{{cite book|title=Origin of Everyday Things|last1=Acton|first1=Johnny|last2=Adams|first2=Tania|last3=Packer|first3=Matt|editor-first=Jo|editor-last=Swinnerton|year=2006|publisher=[[Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.]]|isbn=1-4027-4302-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/originofeveryday0000acto/page/254 254]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/originofeveryday0000acto/page/254}}</ref><ref>Inuit hero Nanook from the silent documentary film ''[[Nanook of the North]]'' (1922) wearing whale bone [https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/51/b0/57/51b057742fc5e30e5695bc9fe3a2afe3.jpg snow-goggles] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083959/https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/51/b0/57/51b057742fc5e30e5695bc9fe3a2afe3.jpg |date=March 4, 2016 }} Retrieved December 5, 2014</ref> In China, the first sunglasses consisting of flat panes of [[smoky quartz]] are documented.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/sunglasses.htm|title=Sunglasses History – The Invention of Sunglasses|access-date=2007-06-28|last=Ament|first=Phil|date=2006-12-04|work=The Great Idea Finder|publisher=Vaunt Design Group|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703224202/http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/sunglasses.htm|archive-date=2007-07-03}}</ref><ref name="Vision">{{cite web | last=Vision | first=Website | title=Torquay Museum | website=Torquay Museum | url=http://www.torquaymuseum.org/explore/collections-spotlight/explorers/chinese-sunglasses | access-date=2021-08-07}}</ref>
* '''13th century - 14th century:''' [[Cotton gin|Worm gear cotton gin]] in India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Habib |first=Irfan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K8kO4J3mXUAC&pg=PA54 |title=Economic History of Medieval India, 1200-1500 |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-81-317-2791-1 |page=54 |author-link=Irfan Habib}}</ref>
* '''1277:''' [[Land mine]] in [[Song dynasty]] [[China]]: Textual evidence suggests that the first use of a land mine in history is by a Song dynasty brigadier general known as Lou Qianxia, who uses an 'enormous bomb' (''huo pao'') to kill [[History of the Song dynasty#Yuan invasion and end of the Song dynasty|Mongol soldiers]] invading [[Guangxi]] in 1277.<ref>Needham (1986), Volume 5, Part 7, 175–176, 192.</ref>
* '''1286:''' [[Eyeglasses]] in [[Italy]]<ref>Vincent Ilardi, ''Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes'' (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Philosophical Society, 2007), [https://books.google.com/books?id=peIL7hVQUmwC&pg=PA5 page 5].</ref>