Editing Tasmania (section)

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Tasmania}}
[[File:Tasmanian salmon on a pea and corn fritter.jpg|thumb|Smoked Tasmanian salmon. Tasmania is a large exporter of seafood, particularly [[salmon]].]]
[[File:Derwent Valley (22645573102).jpg|thumb|[[Hops|Hop farms]] in the [[Derwent Valley Council|Derwent Valley]]]]

Traditionally, Tasmania's main industries have been mining (including copper, [[zinc]], [[tin]], and iron), agriculture, forestry, and [[Tourism in Tasmania|tourism]]. Tasmania is on [[Electricity sector in Australia|Australia's electrical grid]] and in the 1940s and 1950s, a hydro-industrialisation initiative was embodied in the state by [[Hydro Tasmania]]. These all have had varying fortunes over the last century and more, involved in ebbs and flows of population moving in and away dependent upon the specific requirements of the dominant industries of the time.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wQWtDwAAQBAJ&q=These+all+have+had+varying+fortunes+over+the+last+century+and+more,+involved+in+ebbs+and+flows+of+population+moving+in+and+away+dependent+upon+the+specific+requirements+of+the+dominant+industries+of+the+time&pg=PA60|title=Australia Business and Investment Opportunities Yearbook Volume 8 Tasmania Mining and Minerals|date=16 December 2016|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-4387-8388-8|language=en|access-date=3 November 2020|archive-date=24 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124060631/https://books.google.com/books?id=wQWtDwAAQBAJ&q=These+all+have+had+varying+fortunes+over+the+last+century+and+more,+involved+in+ebbs+and+flows+of+population+moving+in+and+away+dependent+upon+the+specific+requirements+of+the+dominant+industries+of+the+time&pg=PA60|url-status=live}}</ref> The state also has a large number of food exporting sectors, including but not limited to seafood (such as [[salmon]], [[abalone]] and [[crayfish]]).

In the 1960s and 1970s there was a decline in traditional crops such as apples and pears,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fruitgrowerstas.com.au/industry_fgt.html |title=Industry Info page |publisher=Fruit Growers Tasmania |access-date=26 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821224809/http://www.fruitgrowerstas.com.au/industry_fgt.html |archive-date=21 August 2011 }}</ref> with other crops and industries eventually rising in their place. During the 15 years until 2010, new agricultural products such as wine, [[saffron]], [[pyrethrum]] and [[cherry|cherries]] have been fostered by the [[Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research]].

Favourable economic conditions throughout Australia, cheaper air fares, and two new ''Spirit of Tasmania'' ferries have all contributed to what is now a rising tourism industry.

About 1.7% of the Tasmanian population are employed by local government.<ref>{{cite book|title=Local Government and Southern Tasmanian Economy|author=Eslaka, Saul |date=August 2011}}</ref> Other major employers include [[Nyrstar]], [[Norske Skog]], Grange Resources, [[Rio Tinto Group|Rio Tinto]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Major employers campaign to boost their public profile|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/major-employers-campaign-to-boost-their-public-profile/story-fnj4f7k1-1226765643507|access-date=4 April 2015|publisher=The Mercury|date=22 November 2013|archive-date=10 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410001953/http://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/major-employers-campaign-to-boost-their-public-profile/story-fnj4f7k1-1226765643507|url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hobart]], and [[Federal Group]]. Small business is a large part of the community life, including [[Incat]], [[Moorilla Estate]] and [[Tassal]]. In the late 1990s, a number of national companies based their call centres in the state after obtaining cheap access to broad-band fibre optic connections.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hingst|first=Raymond D.|date=2004|title=Call centres, recent history – where have they come from and how did they get here?|url=https://eprints.usq.edu.au/6861/|journal=Proceedings of the 2nd National Call Centre Research Conference|location=Melbourne, Australia|publisher=Monash University, Institute for Regional Studies|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=24 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224062726/https://eprints.usq.edu.au/6861/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

34% of Tasmanians are reliant on welfare payments as their primary source of income.<ref>{{cite news |title=Clean, green and leaning on the mainland |first=Matthew |last=Denholm |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/clean-green-and-leaning-on-the-mainland/story-fn59niix-1226035870147 |newspaper=[[The Australian]] |location=Sydney, Australia |date=9 April 2011 |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-date=20 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120091713/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/clean-green-and-leaning-on-the-mainland/story-fn59niix-1226035870147 |url-status=live }}</ref> This number is in part due to the large number of older residents and retirees in Tasmania receiving Age Pensions. Due to its natural environment and clean air, Tasmania is a common retirement selection for Australians.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hanrahan |first1=Danielle |title=11 best places to retire in Australia |url=https://www.oversixty.com.au/finance/retirement-income/2014/08/11-best-places-to-retire-in-australia/ |website=oversixty.com |access-date=16 November 2018 |archive-date=17 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117022437/https://www.oversixty.com.au/finance/retirement-income/2014/08/11-best-places-to-retire-in-australia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

<div style=display:inline-table>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Output by industry sector (2019/20)<ref>{{cite web |title=Tasmania Output |url=https://economy.id.com.au/tasmania/output-by-industry?BMID=40&WebID=10 |website=economy.id |access-date=1 September 2021 |archive-date=1 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901023204/https://economy.id.com.au/tasmania/output-by-industry?BMID=40&WebID=10 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! Industry !! AU$ (billions) !! %
|-
| Construction || 7.989 || 13.7
|-
| Manufacturing || 7.421 || 12.7
|-
| Health care & social assistance || 6.303 || 10.8
|-
| Agriculture || 5.115 || 8.7
|-
| Public administration & safety || 3.572 || 6.1
|-
| Transport, postal, & warehousing || 3.269 || 5.6
|-
| Financial & insurance services || 3.030 || 5.2
|-
| Education & training || 2.794 || 4.8
|-
| Electricity, gas, water, & waste services || 2.637 || 4.5
|-
| Retail trade || 2.552 || 4.4
|-
| Information media & telecommunications || 2.246 || 3.8
|-
| Professional, scientific, & technical services || 2.033 || 3.5
|-
| Mining || 1.875 || 3.2
|-
| Wholesale trade || 1.687 || 2.9
|-
| Accommodation & food services || 1.586 || 2.7
|-
| Other services || 1.360 || 2.3
|-
| Rental, hiring, & real estate services || 1.117 || 1.9
|-
| Administrative & support services || 1.045 || 1.8
|-
| Arts & recreation services || 0.893 || 1.5
|-
! scope="row"| Total industries || $58.523 || 100%
|}
</div> 
<div style=display:inline-table>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Employment (total) by industry (2019/20)<ref>{{cite web |title=Tasmania Employment by industry (Total) |url=https://economy.id.com.au/tasmania/employment-by-industry?BMID=40&WebID=10 |website=economy.id |access-date=1 September 2021 |archive-date=1 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901023201/https://economy.id.com.au/tasmania/employment-by-industry?BMID=40&WebID=10 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! Industry !! Number !! %
|-
| Health care & social assistance|| 36,631 || 14.6
|-
| Retail trade || 26,290 || 10.5
|-
| Education & training || 23,272 || 9.3
|-
| Construction || 20,688 || 8.3
|-
| Public administration & safety || 20,137 || 8.0
|-
| Manufacturing || 18,897 || 7.5
|-
| Accommodation & food services || 18,554 || 7.4
|-
| Agriculture || 15,021 || 6.0
|-
| Professional, scientific, & technical services || 14,097 || 5.6
|-
| Transport, postal, & warehousing || 10,691 || 4.3
|-
| Other services || 8,739 || 3.5
|-
| Administrative & support services || 6,535 || 2.6
|-
| Wholesale trade || 6,185 || 2.5
|-
| Arts & recreation services || 5,992 || 2.4
|-
| Financial & insurance services || 5,248 || 2.1
|-
| Electricity, gas, water, & waste services || 4,321 || 1.7
|-
| Information media & telecommunications || 3,552 || 1.4
|-
| Rental, hiring, & real estate services || 2,990 || 1.2
|-
| Mining || 2,780 || 1.1
|-
! scope="row"| Total industries || 250,621 || 100%
|}
</div>

===Science and technology===
The modern [[Science|scientific]] sector in Tasmania benefits from around $500 million in annual investment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Science research |url=https://www.stategrowth.tas.gov.au/business/sectors/science_research#:~:text=Tasmania%20is%20fortunate%20to%20possess,help%20other%20sectors%20to%20grow. |website=Department of State Growth |publisher=Tasmanian Government |access-date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902014408/https://www.stategrowth.tas.gov.au/business/sectors/science_research#:~:text=Tasmania%20is%20fortunate%20to%20possess,help%20other%20sectors%20to%20grow. |url-status=live }}</ref>
Tasmania has a long history of scientific and [[Technology|technological]] [[innovation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tasmanian Creativity |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/T/Tas%20creativity.htm |website=University of Tasmania |access-date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902014404/https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/T/Tas%20creativity.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The first scientific-style [[observation]]s were conducted by the [[Aboriginal Tasmanians|First Nation Tasmanians]], primarily through the [[Amateur astronomy|watching]] and [[myth]]ologising of the [[night sky]]. Their story explaining the [[Lunar phase|phases]] of the [[moon]] and [[sun]] "is one of the rare accounts that explicitly acknowledges that the light of the Moon is a reflection of the Sun's light".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gantevoort |first1=Michelle |last2=Hamacher |first2=Duane W. |last3=Lischick |first3=Savannah |title=Reconstructing the Star Knowledge of Aboriginal Tasmanians |journal=Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage |date=December 2016 |volume= 19 |issue=3 |pages=327–347 |doi=10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2016.03.07 |arxiv=1610.02785 |bibcode=2016JAHH...19..327G |s2cid=28782086 |issn=1440-2807}}</ref>

The French [[Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux|D'Entrecasteaux]] Expedition of 1792–93 had anchored twice during its search of the missing [[Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse|La Pérouse]] in the [[Recherche Bay|Baie de la Recherche (Recherche Bay)]] in far-south Tasmania. During their stay, the crew took [[Botany|botanical]], [[Astronomy|astronomical]], and [[Earth's magnetic field|geomagnetic]] observations which were the first of their kind performed on Australian soil. As well as this, they engaged in amicable relations with the locals and environment, gifting the area a "French [[garden]]", in which "the relatively extensive, well-documented (both pictorially and written) encounters [...] between [them] provided a very early opportunity for meetings and mutual observation".<ref>{{cite web |title=National Heritage Places – Recherche Bay (North East Peninsula) Area |url=https://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/recherche |website=Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902015916/https://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/recherche |url-status=live }}</ref>

The longest-running branch of the [[Royal Society]] outside of the United Kingdom is the [[Royal Society of Tasmania]] which was summoned in 1843. The Tasmanian Society of Natural History had been formed previously in 1838 before its merger with the Royal Society in 1849. It had been served by early [[Botany|botanists]] working in Tasmania such as [[Ronald Campbell Gunn|Ronald Gunn]] and his correspondences.<ref>{{cite web |title=Royal Society of Tasmania (1843 – ) |url=https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005880b.htm |website=Encyclopedia of Australian Science |access-date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902014402/https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005880b.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tasmanian Natural History Society (1838–1849) |url=https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005879b.htm#:~:text=The%20Tasmanian%20Natural%20History%20Society,within%20and%20outside%20of%20Tasmanian. |website=Encyclopedia of Australian Science |access-date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902014408/https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005879b.htm#:~:text=The%20Tasmanian%20Natural%20History%20Society,within%20and%20outside%20of%20Tasmanian. |url-status=live }}</ref>

Although [[Tamworth, New South Wales|Tamworth]] in [[New South Wales]] is often credited<ref>{{cite news |title=How Tamworth beat the big smoke and became the first city of light |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-21/how-tamworth-became-our-first-town-with-electric-street-lights/9054192?nw=0&r=HtmlFragment |newspaper=ABC News | date=20 October 2017 |access-date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902020829/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-21/how-tamworth-became-our-first-town-with-electric-street-lights/9054192?nw=0&r=HtmlFragment |url-status=live }}</ref> as being the first place in Australia with [[Electricity|electric]] [[street light]]ing in 1888, [[Waratah, Tasmania|Waratah]] in [[North West Tasmania]] was actually the first place to do so in Australia in 1886, although at a smaller scale.<ref>{{cite web |title=Waratah, Tasmania |url=https://www.ourtasmania.com.au/northwest/waratah.html |website=OurTasmania |access-date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902020839/https://www.ourtasmania.com.au/northwest/waratah.html |url-status=live }}</ref>