Editing Strasbourg (section)

==Transport==
[[File:Strasbourg PontThéâtre 02.JPG|thumb|One of Strasbourg's trams passes over one of its canals, whilst a tourist trip boat passes underneath.]]
Train services operate from the ''[[Gare de Strasbourg]]'', the city's main station in the city centre, eastward to [[Offenburg]] and [[Karlsruhe]] in Germany, westward to [[Metz]] and Paris, and southward to [[Basel]]. Strasbourg's links with the rest of France have improved due to its recent connection to the [[TGV]] network, with the first phase of the [[LGV Est|TGV ''Est'']] (Paris–Strasbourg) in 2007, the [[LGV Rhin-Rhône|TGV ''Rhin-Rhône'']] (Strasbourg-[[Lyon]]) in 2012, and the second phase of the TGV Est in July 2016.

Strasbourg also has its [[Strasbourg Airport|own airport]], serving major domestic destinations as well as international destinations in Europe and [[North Africa|northern Africa]]. The airport is linked to the ''Gare de Strasbourg'' by a frequent train service.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://strasbourg.aeroport.fr/EN/Passengers/Flights/Destination-map.html | title = Destination map | publisher = Aéroport Strasbourg | access-date = 18 September 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918101006/http://strasbourg.aeroport.fr/EN/Passengers/Flights/Destination-map.html | archive-date = 18 September 2015 | url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://strasbourg.aeroport.fr/EN/Passengers/Access/Shuttle-train.html | title = Shuttle train | publisher = Aéroport Strasbourg | access-date = 18 September 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918100759/http://strasbourg.aeroport.fr/EN/Passengers/Access/Shuttle-train.html | archive-date = 18 September 2015 | url-status = live}}</ref>

City transport in Strasbourg includes the [[Strasbourg tramway]], which opened in 1994 and is operated by the regional transit company [[Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois]] (CTS), consisting of 6 lines with a total length of {{convert|55.8|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The CTS also operates a comprehensive bus network throughout the city that is integrated with the trams. With more than {{convert|500|km|0|abbr=on}} of bicycle paths, biking in the city is convenient and the CTS operates a cheap [[bike-sharing]] scheme named ''Vélhop''. The CTS, and its predecessors, also operated a previous generation of [[tram]] system between 1878 and 1960, complemented by [[trolleybus]] routes between 1939 and 1962.<ref name="krebs">{{cite news |last1=Krebs |first1=Eric |title=Europe's New Trams Are Reviving a Golden Age of Transit |url=https://reasonstobecheerful.world/europe-tram-systems-revival/ |work=Reasons to be Cheerful |date=4 August 2022}}</ref>

Being on the [[Ill (France)|Ill]] and close to the [[Rhine]], Strasbourg has always been an important centre of [[fluvial navigation]], as is attested by archeological findings. In 1682 the ''[[Canal de la Bruche]]'' was added to the river navigations, initially to provide transport for [[sandstone]] from quarries in the [[Vosges]] for use in the fortification of the city. That canal has since closed, but the subsequent ''[[Canal du Rhône au Rhin]]'', ''[[Canal de la Marne au Rhin]]'' and ''[[Grand Canal d'Alsace]]'' are still in use, as is the important activity of the ''[[Port autonome de Strasbourg]]''. Water tourism inside the city proper attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists yearly.

The tram system that now criss-crosses the historic city centre complements walking and biking in it. The centre has been transformed into a [[pedestrian zone|pedestrian priority zone]] that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes are accomplished by applying the principle of [[Permeability (spatial and transport planning)|"filtered permeability"]] to the existing irregular network of streets. It means that the network adaptations favour [[active transport]] and, selectively, "filter out" the car by reducing the number of streets that run through the centre. While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths which permeate the entire centre. In addition, these paths go through public squares and open spaces increasing the enjoyment of the trip. This logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts – the [[fused grid]].

At present the [[A35 autoroute]], which parallels the Rhine between [[Karlsruhe]] and [[Basel]], and the [[A4 autoroute]], which links [[Paris]] with Strasbourg, penetrate close to the centre of the city. The ''Grand contournement ouest'' (GCO) project, programmed since 1999, planned to construct a {{convert|24|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} highway connection between the junctions of the A4 and the A35 autoroutes in the north and of the A35 and [[A352 autoroute|A352]] autoroutes in the south. This routes well to the west of the city in order to divest a significant portion of motorized traffic from the [[unité urbaine]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grand-est.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/|title=DREAL Grand Est|first=DREAL Grand|last=Est|date=22 March 2023|website=DREAL Grand Est}}</ref> The GCO project was opposed by environmentalists, who created a [[Zone to Defend|ZAD]] (or [[Zone to Defend]]).<ref name="GCOFigaro">{{cite news |last1=Caravagna |first1=Léo |title=Strasbourg : une ébauche de ZAD contre le projet de grand contournement ouest |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2017/02/16/01016-20170216ARTFIG00205-strasbourg-une-ebauche-de-zad-contre-le-projet-de-grand-contournement-ouest.php |access-date=5 May 2019 |work=Le Figaro |date=7 February 2017 |archive-date=5 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505112702/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2017/02/16/01016-20170216ARTFIG00205-strasbourg-une-ebauche-de-zad-contre-le-projet-de-grand-contournement-ouest.php |url-status=live }}</ref> After much delay, the GCO was finally inaugurated on 11 December 2021 as the [[A355 autoroute]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Suivez en direct l'inauguration du GCO |url=https://www.dna.fr/faits-divers-justice/2021/12/11/suivez-en-direct-l-inauguration-du-gco-en-presence-de-jean-castex |publisher=[[Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace]] |access-date=11 December 2021 |archive-date=11 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211100132/https://www.dna.fr/faits-divers-justice/2021/12/11/suivez-en-direct-l-inauguration-du-gco-en-presence-de-jean-castex |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Strasbourg public transport statistics===
The average amount of time people spend commuting on public transport in Strasbourg on weekdays is 52 min. 7% of travellers on public transport travel for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transport is 9 min and 11% of passengers wait for more than 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually travel in a single trip on public transport is {{convert|3.9|km|mi|abbr=on}}, whilst none travels for more than {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} in a single direction.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_France_Strasbourg-1023|title=Strasbourg Public Transportation Statistics|publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit|access-date=June 19, 2017|archive-date=24 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824135437/https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_France_Strasbourg-1023|url-status=live}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px|class=noviewer]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].</ref>