Editing Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (section)

=== Books ===
Though the surviving manuscript dates from the fourteenth century, the first published version of the poem did not appear until as late as 1839, when [[Sir Frederic Madden]] of the British Museum recognised the poem as worth reading.<ref name=manus>{{cite book |editor1-last=Borroff |editor1-first=Marie |editor2-last=Howes |editor2-first=Laura L. |title=Sir Gawain and the Green Knight : an authoritative translation, contexts, criticism |date=2010 |publisher=W.W. Norton |location=New York |isbn=978-0393930252 |page=vii |edition=1st}}</ref>  Madden's scholarly, Middle English edition of the poem was followed in 1898 by the first Modern English translation – a prose version by literary scholar [[Jessie Weston (scholar)|Jessie Weston]].<ref name=manus/> In 1925, J. R. R. Tolkien and E. V. Gordon published a scholarly edition of the Middle English text of ''Sir Gawain and the Green Knight''; a revised edition of this text was prepared by [[Norman Davis (academic)|Norman Davis]] and published in 1967. The book, featuring a text in Middle English with extensive scholarly notes, is frequently confused with the translation into Modern English that Tolkien prepared, along with translations of ''Pearl'' and ''Sir Orfeo'', late in his life.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tolkien|first=J. R. R.|title=Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, and Sir Orfeo|editor=Christopher Tolkien|publisher=Random House|year=1980|isbn=978-0-345-27760-2}}</ref> Many editions of the latter work, first published in 1975, shortly after his death, list Tolkien on the cover as author rather than translator.<ref>{{Cite book|last=White|first=Michael|title=Tolkien: A Biography|publisher=New American Library|year=2003|isbn=0-451-21242-8}}</ref>

Many translations into Modern English are available. Notable translators include Jessie Weston, whose 1898 prose translation and 1907 poetic translation took many liberties with the original; [[Theodore Banks]], whose 1929 translation was praised for its adaptation of the language to modern usage;<ref>{{cite journal |last=Farley|first=Frank E. |year=1930|title=Rev. of Banks, ''Sir Gawain'', and Andrew, ''Sir Gawain''|journal=[[Speculum (journal)|Speculum]] |volume=5|issue=2|pages=222–24 |doi=10.2307/2847870 |jstor=2847870 |url=https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/39640/1/tsa%20uaac%201980.2.pdf}}</ref> and [[Marie Borroff]], whose imitative translation was first published in 1967 and "entered the academic canon" in 1968, in the second edition of the ''[[Norton Anthology of English Literature]]''. In 2010, her (slightly revised) translation was published as a Norton Critical Edition, with a foreword by [[Laura Howes]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Baragona|first=Alan|year=2012|title=Rev. of Howes, Borroff, ''Sir Gawain and the Green Knight''|journal=[[Journal of English and Germanic Philology]]|volume=111|issue=4|pages=535–38|doi=10.5406/jenglgermphil.111.4.0535}}</ref> In 2007, [[Simon Armitage]], who grew up near the Gawain poet's purported residence, published a translation which attracted attention in the US and the United Kingdom,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/16/books/review/Hirsch-t.html|title=A Stranger in Camelot|last=Hirsch|first=Edward|date=16 December 2007|newspaper=The New York Times|pages=7.1|access-date=16 March 2010}}</ref> and was published in the United States by [[W. W. Norton & Company|Norton]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Armitage|first=Simon|title=Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A New Verse Translation|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780393334159|url-access=registration|publisher=Norton|location=New York|year=2007|isbn=978-0-393-06048-5}}</ref>