Editing Shanghai (section)

==Transport==
{{Main|Transport in Shanghai}}

===Public===
[[File:Shanghai Metro 09A04.jpg|thumb|A [[Line 9 (Shanghai Metro)|Line 9]] train on the Shanghai Metro, [[List of metro systems|the longest metro system in the world]].]]
[[File:Shanghai Metro Network en.png|thumb|Shanghai Metro Network]]
Shanghai has an extensive public transportation system comprising metros, buses, ferries, and taxis, all of which can be accessed using a [[Shanghai Public Transport Card]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sptcc.com/Load_yongkafanwei.html |script-title=zh:上海公共交通卡 用卡范围 | publisher=Shanghai Public Transport Card | language=zh | access-date=21 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121818/http://www.sptcc.com/Load_yongkafanwei.html | archive-date=7 April 2019 | url-status=live}}</ref>

Shanghai's rapid transit system, the [[Shanghai Metro]], incorporates both subway and light metro lines and extends to every core urban district as well as neighboring suburban districts. {{As of|2021}}, there are 19 metro lines (excluding the [[Shanghai maglev train]] and [[Jinshan railway]]), 515 [[List of Shanghai Metro stations|stations]], and {{convert|803|km|0|abbr=on}} of lines in operation, making it the [[List of metro systems|longest network in the world]].<ref name="SHECO2019" /> On 8 March 2019, it set the city's daily metro ridership record with 13.3 million.<ref name="ridership record">{{cite web | url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/KOD05sMk2b_fe_qXZb7KpQ | script-title=zh:3月8日上海地铁客流创历史新高 | website=[[WeChat]] | publisher=Shanghai Metro | date=9 March 2019 | language=zh | access-date=9 September 2019 | archive-date=19 February 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219060732/https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/KOD05sMk2b_fe_qXZb7KpQ | url-status=live}}</ref> The average fare ranges from {{CNY|3}} ({{US$|0.48}}) to {{CNY|9}} ({{US$|1.28}}), depending on the travel distance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.meet-in-shanghai.net/travel-city/transportation/metro.php|title=Metro & Maglev Train|website=The Official Shanghai China Travel Website|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614073835/http://www.meet-in-shanghai.net/travel-city/transportation/metro.php|archive-date=14 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:A maglev train coming out, Pudong International Airport, Shanghai.jpg|thumb|left|A maglev train leaving [[Pudong International Airport]]]]
Opened in 2004, the Shanghai maglev train is the first and the fastest commercial high-speed [[maglev]] in the world, with a maximum operation speed of {{Convert|430|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hunt|first1=Hugh|title=How we can make super-fast hyperloop travel a reality|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/student/student-life/technology-gaming/how-we-can-make-super-fast-hyperloop-travel-a-reality-a7529316.html|access-date=19 January 2017|publisher=Independent|date=19 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005348/http://www.independent.co.uk/student/student-life/technology-gaming/how-we-can-make-super-fast-hyperloop-travel-a-reality-a7529316.html|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The train can complete the {{Convert|30|km|mi|adj=on|sp=us}} journey between [[Longyang Road station]] and Pudong International Airport in 7 minutes 20 seconds,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.cn/2006-04/26/content_266848.htm|script-title=zh:上海磁悬浮列车示范运营线通过验收|website=gov.cn|date=26 April 2006|access-date=2 September 2019|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902035358/http://www.gov.cn/2006-04/26/content_266848.htm|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> comparing to 32 minutes by [[Line 2 (Shanghai Metro)|Metro Line 2]]<ref>{{cite news|script-title=zh:沪地铁2号线19日起末班车时间延后 部分列车直通浦东机场|url=http://sh.xinhuanet.com/2019-04/17/c_137983412.htm|access-date=2 September 2019|work=[[Xinhua News]]|date=17 April 2019|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902035358/http://sh.xinhuanet.com/2019-04/17/c_137983412.htm|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> and 30 minutes by car.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://google.com/maps/dir/%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%BA/%E9%BE%99%E9%98%B3%E8%B7%AF%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81%E7%AB%99+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD|title=Google Maps|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323113302/https://www.google.com/maps/dir/%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%BA/%E9%BE%99%E9%98%B3%E8%B7%AF%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81%E7%AB%99+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD|url-status=live}}</ref> A one-way ticket costs {{CNY|50}} ({{US$|8}}), or {{CNY|40}} ({{US$|6.40}}) for those with airline tickets or public transportation cards. A round-trip ticket costs {{CNY|80}} ({{US$|12.80}}), and VIP tickets cost double the standard fare.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rainieis.tw/maglev-train|script-title=zh:上海磁浮列車 Shanghai Maglev Train 票價、時刻表、班距、轉乘資訊分享|website=rainieis.tw|date=13 December 2018|access-date=2 September 2019|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902083521/https://rainieis.tw/maglev-train|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

With the first tram line been in service in 1908, trams were once popular [[Trams in Shanghai (1908–1975)|in Shanghai]] in the early 20th century. By 1925, there were 328 tramcars and 14 routes operated by Chinese, French, and British companies collaboratively,<ref>{{cite book|last=Warr|first=Anne|year=2007|title=Shanghai Architecture|publisher=The Watermark Press|isbn=978-0-949284-76-1}}</ref> all of which were [[nationalized]] after the PRC's victory in 1949. Since the 1960s, many tram lines were either dismantled or replaced by [[trolleybus]] or [[motorbus]] lines;<ref>{{cite web |script-title = zh:第三节 公共交通 |publisher = Office of Shanghai Chronicles |url = http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2245/node64620/node64630/node64705/node64711/userobject1ai58515.html |date = 5 September 2003 |access-date = 7 November 2019 |language = zh |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160627182759/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2245/node64620/node64630/node64705/node64711/userobject1ai58515.html |archive-date = 27 June 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref> the last tram line was demolished in 1975.<ref>{{cite web |script-title = zh:第三节 轨线 |publisher = Office of Shanghai Chronicles |url = http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2245/node4516/node55031/node55112/node55128/userobject1ai42410.html |date = 30 December 2002 |access-date = 7 November 2019 |language = zh |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160427214528/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2245/node4516/node55031/node55112/node55128/userobject1ai42410.html |archive-date = 27 April 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref> Shanghai reintroduced trams in 2010, as a modern rubber-tire [[Translohr]] system in Zhangjiang area of East Shanghai as [[Zhangjiang Tram]].<ref>{{cite news|date=1 January 2010|script-title=zh:上海首条现代化有轨电车新年正式载客运营|url=http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2010-01/01/content_1501507.htm|work=Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China|access-date=12 August 2019|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812081051/http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2010-01/01/content_1501507.htm|archive-date=12 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, the steel wheeled [[Songjiang Tram]] started operating in Songjiang District.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Barrow |first=Keith |date=26 December 2018 |title=Shanghai Songjiang Tramway opens |url=https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/light-rail/shanghai-songjiang-tramway-opens/ |magazine=International Railway Journal |publisher=Simmons-Boardman Publishing Co. |access-date=11 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011917/https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/light-rail/shanghai-songjiang-tramway-opens/ |archive-date=12 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Additional tram lines are under planning in [[Hongqiao Subdistrict, Shanghai|Hongqiao Subdistrict]] and Jiading District {{as of|2019|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite news|script-title = zh:西虹桥要建有轨电车 “8”字形南北两条环线 |script-work=zh:东方网 |url = http://wap.eastday.com/node2/node3/n5/u1ai352745_t22.html |date = 29 August 2014 |access-date = 17 November 2019 |language = zh |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191117002957/http://wap.eastday.com/node2/node3/n5/u1ai352745_t22.html |archive-date = 17 November 2019 |url-status = live}}</ref>
[[File:沪A57050D 20.jpg|alt=|thumb|The Shanghai Trolleybus network is currently the oldest in the world.]]
Shanghai also has the world's most extensive [[Buses in Shanghai|bus network]], including the world's oldest continuously operating [[Trolleybuses in Shanghai|trolleybus system]], with 1,575 lines covering a total length of {{convert|8,997|km|0|abbr=on}} by 2019.<ref name="SHECO2019" /> The system is operated by multiple companies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jtw.sh.gov.cn/zsk/20181205/27281.html|script-title=zh:公交行业概况|publisher=Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission|date=18 July 2018|access-date=3 November 2019|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103020721/http://jtw.sh.gov.cn/zsk/20181205/27281.html|archive-date=3 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bus fares generally cost {{CNY|2}} ({{US$|0.32}}).<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:公交票价|publisher=Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission|date=3 June 2016|url=http://jtw.sh.gov.cn/gjpj/20180605/7535.html|access-date=29 October 2019|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029034232/http://jtw.sh.gov.cn/gjpj/20180605/7535.html|archive-date=29 October 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shanghai also has three bus rapid transit systems, namely the [[Yan'an Road Medium Capacity Bus Transit System]], [[Fengpu Express]] and Nantuan Express.

{{As of|2019}}, a total of 40,000 taxis were in operation in Shanghai.<ref name="SHECO2019" /> The base fare for taxis is {{CNY|14}} ({{US$|2.24}}), which covers the first {{convert|3|km|0|abbr=on}} and includes a {{CNY|1}} ({{US$|0.14}}) fuel surcharge. The base fare is {{CNY|18}} ({{US$|2.55}}) between 11:00&nbsp;pm and 5:00&nbsp;am. Each additional kilometer costs {{CNY|2.7}} ({{US$|0.45}}), or {{CNY|4.05}} ({{US$|0.67}}) between 11:00&nbsp;pm and 5:00&nbsp;am.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jtw.sh.gov.cn/czqcyj/20180605/10460.html |script-title=zh:本市出租汽车运价结构和收费标准 |publisher=Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission |date=3 March 2016 |access-date=29 October 2019 |language=zh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029034234/http://jtw.sh.gov.cn/czqcyj/20180605/10460.html |archive-date=29 October 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Taxicab]]s and [[DiDi]] play major roles in urban transportation and DiDi is often cheaper than taxis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.sohu.com/n/443244619|script-title=zh:打车软件大比拼——上海篇|access-date=2 September 2019|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902080909/http://m.sohu.com/n/443244619/|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live|website=[[Sohu]]}}</ref>

As of January 2021, Shanghai Metro has 459 stations and 772&nbsp;km. The scale of operation is the first in the world. in 2017, the average daily passenger traffic of the Shanghai metro was 9.693 million, and the total passenger traffic reached 3.538 billion. It is one of the busiest metro cities in the world. The metro lines cover the central city densely and connect most districts and counties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shmetro.com/node49/201512/con114518.htm|title=上海地铁|access-date=1 May 2022|archive-date=21 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221104743/http://www.shmetro.com/node49/201512/con114518.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Roads and expressways===
{{See also|Expressways of Shanghai}}
[[File:Yan'an East Road Interchange, Shanghai, China (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|left|[[Interchange (road)|Interchange]] between [[Yan'an Elevated Road]] and [[North–South Elevated Road (Shanghai)|North–South Elevated Road]]]]

Shanghai is a major hub of [[Expressways of China|China's expressway network]]. Many national expressways (prefixed with the letter G) pass through or end in Shanghai, including [[G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway|Jinghu Expressway]] (overlaps with [[G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway|Hurong Expressway]]), [[G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway|Shenhai Expressway]], [[G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway|Hushaan Expressway]], [[G50 Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway|Huyu Expressway]], [[G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway|Hukun Expressway]] (overlaps with [[G92 Hangzhou Bay Ring Expressway|Hangzhou Bay Ring Expressway]]), and [[G1503 Shanghai Ring Expressway|Shanghai Ring Expressway]].<ref name="expresswayshanghai">{{cite web|url=http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw3766/nw3826/nw23313/u1aw478.html|script-title=zh:高速公路网|website=shanghai.gov.cn|access-date=28 August 2019|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828085045/http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw3766/nw3826/nw23313/u1aw478.html|archive-date=28 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> There are also numerous municipal expressways prefixed with the letter S.<ref name="expresswayshanghai" /> As of 2019, Shanghai has a total of 12 bridges and 14 tunnels crossing the Huangpu River.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sh.sina.com.cn/news/m/2017-12-07/detail-ifyppemf5760887.shtml|date=7 December 2017|script-title=zh:上海人飞跃黄浦江历史:建14条隧道12座大桥8条轨交|access-date=28 August 2019|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828051031/http://sh.sina.com.cn/news/m/2017-12-07/detail-ifyppemf5760887.shtml|archive-date=28 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jfdaily.com/news/detail?id=96784|date=18 July 2018|script-title=zh:黄浦江上第13座大桥开始主塔施工，除了可以"走"，还有哪里与众不同？|access-date=28 August 2019|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718033241/https://www.jfdaily.com/news/detail?id=96784|archive-date=18 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge]] is the city's only [[Yangtze River bridges and tunnels|bridge–tunnel complex across Yangtze River]].

The expressway network within the city center consists of [[North–South Elevated Road (Shanghai)|North–South Elevated Road]], [[Yan'an Elevated Road]], and [[Inner Ring Road (Shanghai)|Inner Ring Road]]. Other ring roads in Shanghai include [[Middle Ring Road (Shanghai)|Middle Ring Road]], [[Shanghai Outer Ring Expressway|Outer Ring Expressway]], and Shanghai Ring Expressway.

[[File:Shared bikes on Hongqiao Road.jpg|thumb|Bicycle-sharing systems, such as Mobike (yellow), Hello (blue), and DiDi Bike (lime), are common in Shanghai.]]
Bicycle lanes are common in Shanghai, separating non-motorized traffic from car traffic on most surface streets. However, on some main roads, including all expressways, bicycles and motorcycles are banned. In recent years, cycling has seen a resurgence in popularity due to the emergence of a large number of dockless app-based [[bicycle-sharing system]]s, such as [[Mobike]], [[Hello (Chinese company)|Hello]], and {{ill|DiDi Bike|zh|滴滴青桔}} .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatsonweibo.com/ofo-mobike-bluegogo-chinas-messy-bikeshare-market/ |title=Ofo, Mobike, BlueGogo: China's Messy Bikeshare Market |website=What's on Weibo |date=28 April 2017 |access-date=13 August 2017 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806025220/http://www.whatsonweibo.com/ofo-mobike-bluegogo-chinas-messy-bikeshare-market/ |archive-date = 6 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=[Hai Guide] Everything you need to know about those shared bikes |url=https://www.citynewsservice.cn/service/%5BHai-Guide%5D-Everything-you-need-to-know-about-those-shared-bikes-qyjar4kb0vmxp63w |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=www.citynewsservice.cn |language=en}}</ref> {{as of|2018|12}}, bicycle-sharing systems had an average of 1.15 million daily riders within the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.jfdaily.com/wx/detail.do?id=128912 |title = zh:共享单车最新调查 上海共享单车一年时间缩水一大半，"共享经济"是伪命题吗？ |work=Shanghai Observer |date=23 January 2019 |language=zh | trans-title=The latest survey of shared bicycles |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117003939/https://www.jfdaily.com/wx/detail.do%3Fid%3D128912 |archive-date=17 November 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Private car ownership in Shanghai is rapidly increasing: in 2019, there were 3.40 million private cars in the city, a 12.5% increase from 2018.<ref name="SHECO2019" /> New private cars cannot be driven without a [[license plate]], which are sold in monthly license plate auctions. Around 9,500 license plates are auctioned each month, and the average price is about {{CNY|89,600}} ({{US$|12,739}}) in 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.jfdaily.com/news/detail?id=184394 |script-title=zh:10月沪牌拍卖结果出炉：中标率6.1%，最低成交价8.93万元 |work = Shanghai Observer |date = 26 October 2019 |access-date = 27 November 2019 |language = zh}}</ref> According to the city's vehicle regulations introduced in June 2016, only locally registered residents and those who have paid social insurance or individual income taxes for over three years are eligible to be in the auction. The purpose of this policy is to limit the growth of automobile traffic and alleviate congestion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw32419/nw32422/nw32426/nw32487/u21aw1139737.html |script-title=zh:沪牌拍卖规定修订完善调整申请人资格条件 名下已有沪牌额度的不可再参拍 |publisher=Shanghai Municipal Government |date=19 June 2016 |access-date=27 November 2019 |language=zh |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807171929/http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw32419/nw32422/nw32426/nw32487/u21aw1139737.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Public transport, biking infrastructure, walkability, generally permits to live in the city without a car.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Mike |title=China's public transit system continues to set world records — here's what the U.S. could learn |url=https://news.yahoo.com/china-public-transit-system-continues-093000914.html |access-date=5 May 2024 |agency=Yahoo |date=17 August 2023 |archive-date=5 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505092853/https://news.yahoo.com/china-public-transit-system-continues-093000914.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Living in Shanghai Guide |url=https://www.maxviewrealty.com/Car_and_Driving.html |website=Maxview realty |access-date=5 May 2024 |archive-date=5 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505133019/https://www.maxviewrealty.com/Car_and_Driving.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Getting around in Shanghai |url=https://www.expatarrivals.com/asia-pacific/china/shanghai/getting-around-shanghai |website=Expat Arrivals |access-date=5 May 2024}}</ref>

License plates for fully electric cars or plug-in hybrid vehicles are free.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Li |first=David Daokui |title=China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict |date=2024 |publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]] |isbn=978-0393292398 |location=New York, NY |author-link=David Daokui Li}}</ref>{{Rp|page=168}}

===Railways===
[[File:Shanghai Railway Station 4.jpg|left|thumb|[[Shanghai railway station]]]]
Shanghai has four major railway stations: [[Shanghai railway station]], [[Shanghai South railway station]], [[Shanghai West railway station]], and [[Shanghai Hongqiao railway station]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mafengwo.cn/travel-news/220572.html|script-title=zh:上海有哪几个火车站，上海站是哪个站，上海有几个火车站|access-date=1 September 2019|date=2 April 2019|website=mafengwo.cn|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901053008/http://www.mafengwo.cn/travel-news/220572.html|archive-date=1 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> All are connected to the metro network and serve as hubs in the [[Rail transport in the People's Republic of China|railway network of China]]. And now Shanghai has around twenty railway lines running under this city, which largely facilitate people's life in Shanghai.

Built in 1876, the [[Woosung Road|Woosung railway]] was the first railway in Shanghai and the first railway in operation in China<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shtong.gov.cn/node2/node82288/node82292/node82361/userobject1ai111346.html|title=Songhu Railway|access-date=1 September 2019|publisher=Office of Shanghai Chronicles|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919022647/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/node2/node82288/node82292/node82361/userobject1ai111346.html|archive-date=19 September 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> By 1909, [[Shanghai–Nanjing railway]] and [[Shanghai–Hangzhou railway]] were in service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jssdfz.jiangsu.gov.cn/szbook/slsz/tlp/default.htm|script-title=zh:第一节 沪宁线|access-date=19 January 2019|script-work=zh:江苏交通志·铁路篇 |publisher=Jiangsu People's Government |language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232421/http://jssdfz.jiangsu.gov.cn/szbook/slsz/tlp/default.htm|archive-date=13 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shtong.gov.cn/newsite/node2/node2245/node68716/node68721/node68756/node68828/userobject1ai66529.html|date=25 December 2003|script-title=zh:第一节 修建|access-date=1 September 2019|publisher=Office of Shanghai Chronicles|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427144741/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2245/node68716/node68721/node68756/node68828/userobject1ai66529.html|archive-date=27 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2019|10}}, the two railways have been integrated into two main railways in China: [[Beijing–Shanghai railway]] and [[Shanghai–Kunming railway]], respectively.<ref>{{cite book |script-title=zh:《辞海》（1989年版） |page=2353|publisher=[[Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House]] |year=1989 |editor=辞海编辑委员会}}</ref>

Shanghai has four high-speed railways (HSRs): [[Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway|Beijing–Shanghai HSR]] (overlaps with [[Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu passenger railway]]), [[Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway]], [[Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway|Shanghai–Kunming HSR]], and [[Shanghai–Nantong railway]]. One HSR is under construction: [[Shanghai–Suzhou–Huzhou high-speed railway|Shanghai–Suzhou–Huzhou HSR]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-12/2012122419242969.htm |script-title=zh:沪通铁路2013年正式开建 南通到上海仅需一小时| trans-title=Construction work on the Hu-Tong Railway will officially start in 2013. It will take just an hour to travel from Nantong to Shanghai| date=24 December 2012| language=zh| access-date=12 August 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515191925/http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-12/2012122419242969.htm| archive-date=15 May 2013| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://hz.fccs.com/news/5531232.html|date=15 July 2019 |script-title=zh:最新进展！沪苏湖高铁今年10月底前开工建设|trans-title=Latest progress! Construction of the Shanghai–Suzhou–Huzhou high-speed railway will begin before the end of October this year.|access-date=12 August 2019|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812082854/http://hz.fccs.com/news/5531232.html|archive-date=12 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Shanghai also has four [[Shanghai Metropolitan Area Intercity Railway|commuter railways]]: [[Pudong railway]] (passenger service is currently suspended) and [[Jinshan railway]] operated by [[China Railway]], and [[Line 16 (Shanghai Metro)|Line 16]] and [[Line 17 (Shanghai Metro)|Line 17]] operated by Shanghai Metro.<ref name="envir20160218">{{cite news |script-title=zh:上海市轨道交通近期建设规划(2017-2025)环境影响评价公示|script-work=zh:上海环境热线| date = 18 February 2016| url = http://www.envir.gov.cn/docs/2016/20160218458.htm| language = zh| access-date = 28 August 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305055306/http://www.envir.gov.cn/docs/2016/20160218458.htm| archive-date = 5 March 2016| url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="envir20160418">{{cite news |script-title=zh:上海市轨道交通近期建设规划(2017-2025)环境影响评价第二次公示|script-work=zh:上海环境热线| date = 18 April 2016| url = http://www.envir.gov.cn/docs/2016/20160418709.htm| language = zh| access-date = 28 August 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160506185941/http://www.envir.gov.cn/docs/2016/20160418709.htm| archive-date = 6 May 2016| url-status = live}}</ref> {{As of|2022|01}}, four additional lines—[[Chongming line]], [[Jiamin line]], [[Airport Link line (Shanghai)|Airport link line]] and [[Lianggang Express line]]—are under construction.<ref name="envir20160418" /><ref>{{cite news |script-title=zh:上海规土局：机场联络线和嘉闵线已明确采用市郊铁路制式 |work=[[:zh:澎湃新闻|The Paper]] | date = 10 August 2016| url = http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1511321| language = zh| access-date = 28 August 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160810070018/http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1511321| archive-date = 10 August 2016| url-status = live}}</ref>

===Air and sea===
{{See also|Port of Shanghai}}
[[File:Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg|thumb|right|Inside Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 1]]

Shanghai is one of the largest air transportation hubs in Asia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/08/article/new-satellite-terminals-to-propel-shanghais-ascent-hold-fri-morn/|title=New satellite terminals to propel Shanghai's ascent|last=Chan|first=KG|date=15 August 2019|website=Asia Times Online|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821174057/https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/08/article/new-satellite-terminals-to-propel-shanghais-ascent-hold-fri-morn/|archive-date=21 August 2019|access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref> The city has two commercial airports: [[Shanghai Pudong International Airport]] and [[Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.shanghaifocus.com/guide/Shanghai/transportation-index.html|title=Transportation|publisher=Shanghai Focus|access-date=5 May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101230072918/http://www.shanghaifocus.com/guide/Shanghai/transportation-index.html|archive-date=30 December 2010}}</ref> Pudong International Airport is the primary international airport, while Hongqiao International Airport mainly operates domestic flights with limited short-haul international flights. In 2018, Pudong International Airport served 74.0 million passengers and handled 3.8 million tons of cargo, making it the ninth-busiest airport by passenger volume and third-busiest airport by cargo volume.<ref name="aerodata">{{cite web|url=https://aci.aero/news/2019/03/13/preliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings-released|title=Preliminary world airport traffic rankings released|date=13 March 2019|website=[[Airports Council International]]|access-date=12 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910062136/https://aci.aero/news/2019/03/13/preliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings-released/|archive-date=10 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.panynj.gov/content/dam/airports/statistics/statistics-general-info/annual-atr/ATR2019.pdf |title=2019 Annual Airport Traffic Report |publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. |year=2020 |location=United States |access-date=17 March 2022 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127110141/https://www.panynj.gov/content/dam/airports/statistics/statistics-general-info/annual-atr/ATR2019.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The same year, Hongqiao International Airport served 43.6 million passengers, making it the 19th-busiest airport by passenger volume.<ref name="aerodata" />

[[File:Yangshan-Port-Balanced.jpg|thumb|Due to [[Yangshan Port]], Shanghai has become the world's busiest container port.]]
Since its opening, the Port of Shanghai has rapidly grown to become the largest port in China.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:上海：一个城市的传奇和梦想|work=[[Sina News]] |date=12 September 2006|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-09-12/164610990261.shtml|access-date=11 March 2011|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112053622/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-09-12/164610990261.shtml|archive-date=12 November 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yangshan Port was built in 2005 because the river was unsuitable for docking large [[container ships]]. The port is connected with the mainland through the {{Convert|32|km|mi|adj=on|sp=us}} long [[Donghai Bridge]]. Although the port is run by the [[Shanghai International Port Group]] under the government of Shanghai, it administratively belongs to Shengsi County, Zhejiang.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:2017年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：嵊泗县|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/33/09/330922.html|work=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]|access-date=7 October 2019|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610191432/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/33/09/330922.html|archive-date=10 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Overtaking the [[Port of Singapore]] in 2010,<ref>{{cite news|title=Shanghai overtakes S'pore as world's busiest port|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_621944.html|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=8 January 2011|access-date=14 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815030034/http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_621944.html|archive-date=15 August 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> the Port of Shanghai has become [[List of world's busiest container ports|world's busiest container port]] with an annual [[twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]] transportation of 42 million in 2018.<ref name="Lloyd's2019">[https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/one-hundred-container-ports-2019#comment One Hundred Ports 2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826231536/https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/one-hundred-container-ports-2019#comment|date=26 August 2019}} Lloyd's List，2019</ref> Besides cargo, the Port of Shanghai handled 259 cruises and 1.89 million passengers in 2019.<ref name="SHECO2019" />

Shanghai is part of the [[21st Century Maritime Silk Road]] that runs from the Chinese coast to the south via the southern tip of [[India]] to [[Mombasa]], from there to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region to the northern Italian hub of [[Trieste]] with its rail connections to [[Central Europe|Central]] and the [[Eastern Europe]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/china-mediterranean-silk-road/|title=China's Maritime Silk Road Initiative|date=22 July 2018|access-date=21 January 2021|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129233212/https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/china-mediterranean-silk-road/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Wolf D. Hartmann, Wolfgang Maennig, Run Wang: Chinas neue Seidenstraße. (2017).</ref><ref>Jean-Marc F. Blanchard "China's Maritime Silk Road Initiative and South Asia" (2019).</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Maritime Shipping and Export Trade on "Maritime Silk Road"|first1=Bao|last1=Jiang|first2=Jian|last2=Li|first3=Chunxia|last3=Gong|date=1 June 2018|journal=The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics|volume=34|issue=2|pages=83–90|doi=10.1016/j.ajsl.2018.06.005|s2cid=169732441|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merkur.de/politik/neue-seidenstrasse-china-beteiligte-laender-verlauf-deutschland-kritik-90466338.html|title=Neue Seidenstraße: Das Mega-Projekt aus China|website=www.merkur.de|date=12 December 2022|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=29 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629064839/https://www.merkur.de/politik/neue-seidenstrasse-china-beteiligte-laender-verlauf-deutschland-kritik-90466338.html|url-status=live}}</ref>